Grammatical Range and Accuracy（文法範圍與精準度）佔 25%。範圍排在精準前面——這是 IELTS 跟學校文法考的最大差別。
學校：全對 = 高分。 IELTS：全對但句型都很簡單 = Band 6。
官方描述 vs 白話翻譯
| Band | 官方 | 白話 | |------|------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------------------| | 9 | wide range; full flexibility and accuracy; rare slips | 各種句型隨手用，幾乎沒錯 | | 8 | wide range of structures; majority of sentences error-free; rare inappropriacies | 各種句型 + 大部分對 | | 7 | uses a variety of complex structures; produces frequent error-free sentences; good control with few errors | 句型有多樣 + 多句沒錯 + 控制好 | | 6 | uses a mix of simple and complex; some errors but meaning rarely obscured | 簡單句多 + 試了複雜句但有錯 | | 5 | limited range; tries complex sentences but less accurate than simple | 大多簡單句 + 複雜句一試就錯 |
Band 7 關鍵詞：variety of complex structures + frequent error-free sentences。兩個都要。
Band 7 必須出現的 6 種句型
整篇 280 字 essay 至少各出現一次：
1. Passive voice（被動語態）
Significant investments are being made in renewable energy.
Children should be taught financial literacy from primary school.
2. Relative clause（關係子句）
Students who receive financial education early are less likely to fall into debt.
The policy, which was introduced in 2018, has dramatically reduced waste.
3. Conditional（條件句）
第二: If governments invested more in public transport, congestion would fall.
第三: Had the regulation been enforced earlier, many of these problems could have been avoided.
4. Complex noun phrase（複雜名詞片語）
The growing concern over young people's mental health has prompted...
A widely-held belief among educators that...
5. Concessive clause（讓步子句）
Although the policy has been criticised, its impact remains significant.
Despite considerable opposition, the bill was eventually passed.
6. Inversion（倒裝，加分用）
Not only does this approach reduce costs, but it also improves outcomes.
Rarely has a single technology had such a transformative effect.
規則：6 種全部出現——你的 Grammar Range 自動 7。出現 4 種——卡 6.5。出現 2-3 種——6.0。
「Few errors」是什麼比例？
Band 7 描述是 frequent error-free sentences + few errors。實務上：
| 280 字 essay 錯誤數 | 大概 Grammar Band | |---------------------|--------------------| | 0-2 | 8.0+ | | 3-5 | 7.0 | | 6-9 | 6.0-6.5 | | 10+ | 5.5 以下 |
注意：不是「文法錯誤」——是「影響意思的錯誤」。拼字 typo 算 Lexical，逗號漏掉不算錯。
台灣考生最常見的 5 個錯誤
錯誤 1：主謂不一致
Wrong: The number of students are increasing.
Right: The number of students is increasing.
The number of X 整個是單數主語。
錯誤 2：可數不可數
Wrong: The government should give people more informations.
Right: The government should give people more information.
不可數的常見字：information, advice, research, equipment, furniture, knowledge, evidence, news, traffic, work。
錯誤 3：冠詞遺漏
Wrong: Government should solve problem.
Right: The government should solve the problem.
通則：第二次提到要 the / 特定的要 the / 抽象不可數通常不加。
錯誤 4：時態不一致
Wrong: Last year, the company launches a new product and it sells well.
Right: Last year, the company launched a new product and it sold well.
整段保持同一時態。Past simple 開頭就 past simple 走到底，除非有刻意切換。
錯誤 5：Run-on / Comma splice
Wrong: Pollution is a serious problem, the government should act now.
Right: Pollution is a serious problem; the government should act now.
Or: Pollution is a serious problem, and the government should act now.
兩個完整句不能用逗號連——要分號 / 句號 / 加連接詞。
Range > Accuracy 的策略意涵
如果你的選擇是：
- A：寫 280 字全是簡單句，0 錯誤 → Band 6
- B：寫 280 字混合 6 種句型，3-4 處小錯 → Band 7
選 B。IELTS 獎勵嘗試。
但別誤解——「嘗試」不是「亂用」。B 選項的 6 種句型必須是你練過的，不是現場看心情試。
怎麼建立你的「6 句型」備用庫
階段 1：背 6 個範本（一週）
挑 6 個各代表一種句型的句子，背到能默寫。例：
- Significant resources are being invested in...
- Students who receive X are more likely to Y.
- If governments were to invest in X, Y would result.
- The growing concern over X has prompted...
- Although critics argue X, the evidence suggests Y.
- Not only does X, but it also Y.
階段 2：替換練習（兩週）
把 6 個範本的主題詞替換 — invest in renewable energy / education / public transport... — 練習能在不同主題下都套出來。
階段 3：寫作整合（持續）
每寫一篇 essay，先在草稿紙寫 6 種句型各一句，再決定塞進哪段。逼自己每篇都用上。
自我檢查清單
寫完 essay 後檢查：
- [ ] 至少一個 passive
- [ ] 至少一個 relative clause
- [ ] 至少一個 conditional
- [ ] 至少一個 complex noun phrase
- [ ] 至少一個 concessive clause
- [ ] 加分：一個 inversion
- [ ] 主謂一致全對
- [ ] 冠詞 / 可數不可數沒漏
- [ ] 時態一致
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