Sentence Completion 和 Short Answer 是 IELTS Reading 裡最好拿分的題型——只要 scanning 速度夠、字數規則沒搞錯。答案永遠是文章裡明確存在的一個字或片語。
這篇短一點,但三個細節決定拿 8 還是拿 5:字數計算、文法吻合、同義轉換定位。
兩者的差異
| 題型 | 題目形式 | 答案形式 | |----------------------|------------------------------|---------------------------| | Sentence Completion | 一個不完整的句子 | 一個字或片語補完句子 | | Short Answer | 一個完整的問句 | 一個字或片語回答問句 |
兩者策略幾乎一致:scan 關鍵字 → 定位段落 → 找答案詞。
字數規則:致命的 1 分差距
題目會明確寫 "NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS" / "NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER" / "ONE WORD ONLY"。
字數超過上限 = 0 分。即使答案完全正確,多一個字也歸零。
字數計算規則
| 寫法 | 字數 | 說明 | |-----------------------|------------|----------------------------| | cell phone | 2 字 | 兩個獨立單字 | | cell-phone | 1 字 | 連字號視為一個單字 | | well-known | 1 字 | 連字號一個單字 | | state-of-the-art | 1 字 | 整個連字號短語為一單字 | | $500 | 1 字 | 數字為一單位 | | 500 dollars | 2 字 | 數字 + 字 = 2 單位 | | five hundred | 2 字 | 拼出來的數字每字算 | | the 1990s | 2 字 | the + 年代 | | 30% | 1 字 | 數字 + 符號視為一單位 | | A and B | 3 字 | 連接詞佔一字 |
殘酷對照
題目:NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS
| 答案寫法 | 分數 | |----------------------|------| | cell phone | 1 | | a cell phone | 0(3 字)| | cell-phone | 1 | | mobile devices | 1 | | the mobile devices | 0(3 字)|
避免加冠詞 (a, the):只有當原文片語明確包含冠詞時才寫——否則省略。
文法吻合的重要性
Sentence Completion 題目是不完整的句子——你填的字必須讓句子語法通順。
範例
Sentence: The ancient Romans built their roads using ___ over compacted sand.
這裡需要名詞(複數或不可數)。如果原文是 "layers of flat stones over compacted sand"——你寫 flat stones(2 字)✓;寫 flat stone(單數,文法不對)✗。
詞類判斷:看空格前後
| 空格前的詞 | 可能需要 | |--------------------|------------------| | a / an / the | 名詞單數 | | some / many / these | 名詞複數 | | to | 動詞原形 | | is / was / were | 形容詞 / 過去分詞 | | by / after / before | 動名詞 (V-ing) | | very / quite | 形容詞 / 副詞 |
3 個工作範例
範例 1 — Sentence Completion
文章段落
The success of a language-learning app depends heavily on how users engage with daily reminders. Research at Seoul National University found that apps sending push notifications at randomised times produced 30% higher completion rates than those using fixed daily schedules. Users reported that unpredictable timing felt less like a chore and more like an invitation.
Question (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS)
Apps that sent notifications at ___ times achieved better completion rates.
解析
詞類預測:空格位置需要形容詞(修飾 times)。 掃描原文:randomised times produced 30% higher completion rates. 答案:randomised(1 字)。
不能寫 random — 原文用 randomised,必須照抄。不能寫 randomly timed — 文法不對(形容詞修飾 times)。
範例 2 — Short Answer
文章段落
Vienna has been named Europe's most liveable city for seven consecutive years, according to the Mercer Quality of Living Survey. Evaluators cite the city's affordable housing — with over 60% of residents living in subsidised apartments — as the single most important factor behind the ranking.
Question (NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)
What is the main reason for Vienna's top ranking?
解析
關鍵字掃描:main reason / top ranking → 原文 the single most important factor behind the ranking. 答案所在:affordable housing. 字數確認:affordable housing(2 字)✓
答案:affordable housing.
陷阱:寫 Vienna has affordable housing — 4 字,0 分。只寫答案,不寫整句。
範例 3 — 同義轉換陷阱
文章段落
Bees communicate the location of nectar sources through body movements. When a forager returns to the hive, it performs a figure-of-eight motion called the waggle dance. The angle of the dance encodes direction relative to the sun.
Question (NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS)
Bees indicate nectar direction through a type of ___.
解析
文法預測:空格需要名詞(a type of ___)。 題目 paraphrase:indicate = communicate / through a type of = through body movements. 掃原文:performs a figure-of-eight motion called the waggle dance. 整段核心是 dance 或 motion. 答案:dance(1 字)或 waggle dance(2 字)。
兩者字面都對。但 examiner 通常接受原文最具體的版本 = waggle dance.
時間策略
這兩題是全篇最該拿分的——每題 40 秒上限。
| 動作 | 時間 | |------------------|-------| | 讀題 + 圈關鍵字 | 10 秒 | | 定位文章區塊 | 10 秒 | | 找答案 + 數字數 | 15 秒 | | 寫入 answer sheet | 5 秒 |
超過 40 秒——跳過,回頭做。
Short Answer 的小陷阱:「大小寫」
Short Answer 的答案是個名詞時——如果是專有名詞,必須首字大寫。
- 原文 Professor Wu, who led the 2019 study...
- 題目 Who led the 2019 study?
- 正確答案:Professor Wu(首字大寫)
- 錯誤答案:professor wu(0 分)
答題清單
寫完每題 Sentence Completion / Short Answer 前——快速檢查:
- [ ] 字數在限制內?
- [ ] 詞類和空格文法吻合?
- [ ] 單複數 / 時態和原文一致?
- [ ] 專有名詞大寫?
- [ ] 連字號、數字格式和原文一致?
5 秒檢查一遍——可以救回 1-2 分。
本週實戰
- 劍橋真題一套 Sentence Completion + 一套 Short Answer
- 每題寫完後大聲讀——確認文法通順
- 每題對答案後,回文章標記答案出處,看題目和文章的同義轉換
做 8-10 套後,Sentence / Short Answer 的正確率通常能穩定在 9/10 以上——成為你 Reading 的分數保底。
相關閱讀:Reading 題型總覽 · MCQ 與配對題 · Reading 時間策略