地圖題跟流程圖題加起來佔 Task 1 的 20%。因為少見，考生常略過練習——結果抽到就掉 1-1.5 分。
地圖題 Map
兩種子類型
- 前後對比（最常考）：1990 vs 2020 同一個城鎮的變化
- 兩個位置對比：兩個候選地點哪個適合蓋醫院
前後對比的四段結構
§1 — Paraphrase + Overview（大方向變化：現代化？擴張？）
§2 — 改變最大的區塊 1-2 個
§3 — 改變較小 / 保留的區塊
§4 — 新增的設施關鍵語言
| 中文 | 英文表達 | |-----------|---------------------------------------------------| | 被拆除 | was demolished / was pulled down | | 被改建 | was converted into / was transformed into | | 新增 | a new X was built / constructed / erected | | 擴建 | was extended / was expanded | | 保留 | remained unchanged / was retained | | 搬遷 | was relocated to the east of... |
重點：地圖題大量用被動語態 + 過去式。主動句用得越少，band 越高。
Map 100 字範例段
Most strikingly, the small farm in the southwest corner had been demolished and replaced by a large supermarket with an adjacent car park. The primary school, which previously stood in the centre, was relocated further east, while the original site was converted into a public park. The railway line that once divided the village in half was removed entirely, with a new pedestrian high street built along its former path.
流程圖題 Process
兩種子類型
- 自然流程：水循環、光合作用
- 人造流程：糖的製造、水的淨化
五段結構
§1 — Paraphrase + Overview（共幾個階段？開始什麼、結束什麼？）
§2 — 前半段
§3 — 後半段
§4 — （可選）循環或分支語言核心：順序 + 被動
順序詞：Firstly / Then / Subsequently / At this stage / Finally
被動動詞：is heated / is cooled / is filtered / is stored / is transported
Process 100 字範例段
The process begins with raw sugar cane being harvested and transported to the mill. Once at the mill, the cane is crushed between heavy rollers to extract its juice, after which the juice is heated to remove impurities. Subsequently, the clarified liquid is boiled under vacuum, causing sugar crystals to form. These crystals are then separated from the remaining molasses in a centrifuge, washed, and finally dried before being packaged for distribution. The entire sequence comprises eight distinct stages from field to shelf.
兩個 killer 區別
Map：時態一致
前後對比永遠用 past simple + past perfect + passive。不要切回現在式。
Process：不加主觀
流程是客觀描述，不要加 People think... / This shows that...。只描述發生了什麼。
快速練習
Map 題目：The map shows the layout of a village in 1970 and 2020.
想像：1970 年有農場、小學、教堂、河流；2020 年農場變住宅區、小學搬東邊、教堂保留、河上加了橋。寫 100 字段落。
Process 題目：The diagram shows how chocolate is produced from cocoa beans.
七個階段：採收 → 發酵 → 乾燥 → 烘烤 → 去殼 → 研磨 → 包裝。寫 100 字。