人口變化題常考「上升 → 高點 → 下降」的倒 U 形。本篇用日本、德國、奈及利亞三國 1980–2060 人口變化示範怎麼寫轉折點、用 peak / plateau / decline 三個關鍵動詞，並處理未來預測的 is projected to 句型。
題目與數據
The line graph below shows the population (in millions) of Japan, Germany and Nigeria from 1980 to 2020, with projections to 2060. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
資料（單位：百萬人）：
| 年份 | 日本 Japan | 德國 Germany | 奈及利亞 Nigeria | |------|------------|--------------|------------------| | 1980 | 117 | 78 | 73 | | 2000 | 127 | 82 | 122 | | 2020 | 126 | 83 | 206 | | 2040 | 112 | 79 | 329 | | 2060 | 97 | 72 | 401 |
完整範文（170 字）
¹ The line graph presents the populations of Japan, Germany and Nigeria, measured in millions, across the period from 1980 to 2020, together with projected figures up to 2060.
² Overall, the two developed nations follow a remarkably similar pattern of modest growth followed by gradual decline, while Nigeria's population is projected to rise rapidly throughout the entire period, overtaking both by a wide margin.
³ Japan's population grew steadily from 117 million in 1980 to a peak of roughly 127 million around 2000, after which it is expected to fall continuously to around 97 million by 2060. ⁴ Germany shows a comparable but gentler curve, hovering close to 82 million for four decades before declining to approximately 72 million at the end of the period.
⁵ Nigeria, by contrast, stood at just 73 million in 1980 but has already surpassed both countries, reaching 206 million in 2020. ⁶ Its population is forecast to nearly double again, climbing to over 400 million by 2060 — more than five times Germany's projected total.
句句 Band Descriptor 解析
- 句 1 — Task Achievement: 改寫題目 + 加入「projections」表示看懂資料含未來預測。
- 句 2 — Task Achievement (Overview): two developed nations follow a remarkably similar pattern vs Nigeria... rapidly — 一句寫完分組對比。Band 7 overview。
- 句 3 — Grammar Range: grew... to a peak of... around 2000, after which it is expected to fall——passive + future projection 的組合句，描述轉折點。
- 句 4 — Lexical Resource: hovering close to + a comparable but gentler curve——描述「幾乎不變」的漂亮寫法。
- 句 5 — Coherence: by contrast 轉折。stood at just 73 million 裡的 just 強調「起點低」。
- 句 6 — Lexical + Grammar: is forecast to nearly double again + more than five times Germany's projected total——未來預測 + 倍數比較。
8 組高分詞彙
| Phrase | 中文 | |--------|------| | projections up to 2060 | 預測至 2060 年 | | a remarkably similar pattern | 驚人相似的走勢 | | peak of roughly X around Y | 約在 Y 年達到 X 的高峰 | | a comparable but gentler curve | 相似但較緩的曲線 | | hovering close to | 徘徊在…附近 | | by a wide margin | 大幅超越 | | is forecast / projected to | 預計將… | | overtaking both | 超越兩者 | | more than X times the total | 超過…倍 |
本篇避開的常見錯誤
錯誤：未來資料用過去式寫。 範文中 2020 年以前用 grew, stood at, reaching，2020 以後的預測資料用 is projected to / is expected to / is forecast to。時態混用 = Grammar Range 卡 6.0。
另一個常見錯誤——寫「Japan's population decreased」卻沒說「之前先成長」。倒 U 形一定要交代 peak → decline 兩段，不然 Task Achievement 漏 key feature。