政府與政治（Government & Politics）幾乎是 Task 2 最頻繁出現的關鍵字——超過 60% 的題目以 Should governments… ? 起頭。但奇怪的是，多數考生寫整篇 essay 只會 the government should do something——一句翻來覆去。

Band 7+ 要的不是難字，而是精準分流：制定政策叫 implement / introduce，補助叫 subsidise，課稅叫 levy，改革叫 reform。

搭配 Band 6 → 7 詞彙升級 與 Task 2 主題 · 政府 一併使用。

這個主題的隱藏陷阱

考生常把所有政府動作都寫 the government should do…——一篇 5 次 do 直接卡在 Band 6。換成 enact, allocate, regulate, oversee, prioritise——立刻 Band 7+。

五大子類詞彙

1. 政府架構（Structure of Government）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 行政部門 | the executive | The executive controls the bureaucracy that turns laws into daily reality. | | 立法機關 | the legislature / parliament | The legislature scrutinises proposals before they enter the statute book. | | 司法機關 | the judiciary | An independent judiciary acts as the final check on executive overreach. | | 地方政府 | local authorities | Local authorities deliver the services that residents notice most directly. | | 公務員 | civil servant | Senior civil servants outlast successive ministers and supply institutional memory. |

2. 政策工具（Policy Instruments）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 制定政策 | implement / introduce a policy | Singapore implemented the policy in stages over three fiscal years. | | 立法 | enact legislation | The Climate Act was enacted with cross-party support in 2008. | | 補助 | subsidise | Subsidising rural broadband proved more effective than building out by tender. | | 課稅 | levy a tax | Levying a tax on sugary drinks cut consumption by around 8% in its first year. | | 監管 | regulate | Regulating large platforms has lagged well behind the harms regulators confront. |

3. 公民與權利（Citizens & Rights）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 公民 | citizen | Engaged citizens form the backbone of every functioning democracy. | | 投票權 | the right to vote / suffrage | Universal suffrage was achieved in stages over more than a century. | | 言論自由 | freedom of speech | Freedom of speech is meaningless if exercised only inside private circles. | | 人權 | human rights | Human rights treaties bind signatories well beyond the lifetime of any one government. | | 公共參與 | civic engagement | Civic engagement has measurably declined among voters under thirty. |

4. 政治議題（Political Issues）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 貪腐 | corruption | Persistent corruption hollows out institutions long before scandals reach the press. | | 官僚作風 | bureaucracy / red tape | Excessive red tape deters small firms from competing for public contracts. | | 透明度 | transparency | Transparency in procurement is the cheapest anti-corruption measure available. | | 政治極化 | political polarisation | Political polarisation has made cross-party legislation harder to negotiate. | | 選舉 | general election | General elections rarely turn on a single issue, despite media framing. |

5. 治理品質（Governance & Public Spending）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 公共支出 | public spending / expenditure | Public spending on early childhood yields some of the highest fiscal returns. | | 預算分配 | budget allocation | Budget allocation reveals genuine priorities more honestly than any manifesto. | | 福利制度 | welfare system | A robust welfare system softens the human cost of economic restructuring. | | 政府效能 | government effectiveness | Government effectiveness correlates more closely with growth than headline tax rates do. | | 改革 | reform | Comprehensive reform of the planning system is repeatedly promised and rarely delivered. |

高頻搭配詞束

| 中文 | Collocation | 示範 | |------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 制定政策 | introduce / draft a policy | The cabinet introduced a policy on energy efficiency within its first hundred days. | | 提高稅收 | raise taxes | Few governments raise taxes voluntarily during an election cycle. | | 撥款 | allocate funds | Funds were allocated to flood defences after the 2007 review. | | 通過法案 | pass legislation | Parliament passed the legislation on its third reading by a narrow margin. | | 政治參與 | political participation | Falling political participation among under-30s alarms strategists in every party. | | 落實改革 | carry out reforms | Few cabinets find time to carry out reforms beyond the minimum. |

避免這些被用到爛的字

| 過度使用 ❌ | Band 7+ 替換 ✓ | |------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | the government | the state / public authorities / the executive / policymakers | | do something | take action / introduce measures / implement policies | | give money | allocate funds / provide subsidies / channel public spending | | make a law | enact legislation / pass a bill / introduce a statute |

提醒：Task 2 一篇 essay 出現 the government 6 次完全正常——但 do something 出現 3 次就該換 implement / introduce。

150 字示範段

題目脈絡：Some argue governments should prioritise economic growth over environmental protection.

The framing that pits growth against the environment is increasingly outdated, and policymakers would do better to prioritise the integration of the two. Public spending on clean energy infrastructure, properly allocated, generates the same employment multipliers as conventional construction while reducing the long-term liabilities that a heating planet imposes on every welfare system. Enacting legislation on emissions, subsidising household retrofits, and regulating the worst-performing industries form a coherent package that several northern European executives have already implemented with measurable success. Critics argue that ambitious environmental reform burdens businesses, yet the cost of inaction — disrupted supply chains, climate-driven migration, accelerating insurance losses — falls overwhelmingly on the same firms. Government effectiveness in the coming decade will be judged by whether policymakers can carry out reforms that protect prosperity without surrendering the conditions that make prosperity possible.

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