中文沒有時態變化。「昨天我去台北，那裡很多人，我吃了牛肉麵」——所有動詞都一樣。英文寫過去就全段過去，寫現在就全段現在——混用 = Grammar 6.0。

為什麼是 Taiwanese 特有錯誤

中文靠時間副詞（昨天、以前、去年）表達過去，動詞本身不變。所以學生寫到一半常忘了剛才是過去式，一個 "is" 就跳回現在：

❌ Yesterday I went to Taipei. It is very crowded. I ate beef noodles.

第一句 went（過去），第二句 is（現在），第三句又 ate（過去）——examiner 一眼看到時態跳。

三種最常見的時態切換陷阱

陷阱 1：背景描述跳回現在

❌ Last year I visited Paris. The Eiffel Tower is beautiful. I took many photos. ✅ Last year I visited Paris. The Eiffel Tower was beautiful. I took many photos.

規則：整段在講過去的經驗——所有動詞都過去。Eiffel Tower 現在當然還在，但「你當時看到的它」是過去。

陷阱 2：引述混亂

❌ She said that she is tired. ✅ She said that she was tired.

規則：主句過去（said）→ 子句跟著往前推一時態（is → was）。

陷阱 3：故事高潮跳現在

❌ He was walking home when suddenly a dog appears out of nowhere. ✅ He was walking home when suddenly a dog appeared out of nowhere.

規則：英文寫作不允許「戲劇性現在式」（historical present）——在 IELTS 統一用過去就對了。

五個 ❌ vs ✅ 對比

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | |---------|-----------| | Last summer I went to Japan. It is hot. | Last summer I went to Japan. It was hot. | | When I was young, I love cartoons. | When I was young, I loved cartoons. | | He told me he is a teacher. | He told me he was a teacher. | | She said the meeting starts at 9. | She said the meeting started at 9. | | In 2020, COVID causes many problems. | In 2020, COVID caused many problems. |

Quick Drill — 修正時態混亂

  1. Yesterday I went to the park. The weather is nice.
  2. Last week she told me that she is moving to Taipei.
  3. In 2019, we visited Kyoto. The cherry blossoms are beautiful.
  4. When I arrived home, my mother is cooking dinner.
  5. He bought a new car last month. It costs him a lot.
  6. The old man lived alone. He has no family.
  7. During my childhood, my family travels every summer.
  8. When the teacher entered, the students are talking loudly.
  9. She studied hard and passes the exam.
  10. Two years ago we moved here. The area is quiet then.

Answer Key

| # | 修正 | |---|------| | 1 | The weather was nice. | | 2 | she was moving / she would move. | | 3 | The cherry blossoms were beautiful. | | 4 | my mother was cooking dinner. | | 5 | It cost him a lot. | | 6 | He had no family. | | 7 | my family travelled every summer. | | 8 | the students were talking loudly. | | 9 | She studied hard and passed the exam. | | 10 | The area was quiet then. |

檢查寫作的兩秒動作

寫完圈所有動詞——確認：

  1. 段落一開始是什麼時態？（過去 / 現在 / 未來）
  2. 每個動詞是不是同一時態？
  3. 例外只在：

- 敘述過去中用到恆常真理（e.g. She said the earth orbits the sun.）——可用現在 - 引用現在仍然成立的事實——可用現在

Band 7 的關鍵：時態一致 + 刻意混搭（well-controlled）。例如講過去故事時：

I had been studying for three hours when my phone rang. I answered, and a voice I had never heard before asked whether I could come immediately.

過去完成 + 過去 + 過去完成——表現時間層次。這是 Band 7+ 的標記。

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