Band 7+ 的 essay 不只是「正確」——是有節奏。同一個觀點，一句平鋪直敘能講，但如果你能強調關鍵詞、調整句子重心，讀起來立刻從 Band 6.5 跳 Band 7.5。

分裂句（Cleft Sentences）是英文裡唯一為「強調」而存在的語法結構。三型——It-cleft, What-cleft, All-cleft——學會後你可以把任何一句普通句改成有重心、有節奏的學術句。

先看 被動語態攻略 與 條件句攻略 打底。

為什麼分裂句能加分

Band 7 評分描述：uses a variety of complex structures。大多數考生的「複雜句」只有三板斧——relative clauses、conditionals、passive。分裂句是第四把武器，而且幾乎沒人用。

Examiner 讀到 What really matters is... / It was only in 2015 that... / All we need is... 會立刻在心裡標記：這個考生掌握強調結構——Band 7+。

三型分裂句速覽

| 型 | 結構 | 強調重點 | |--------|-----------------------------------|-------------------| | It-cleft | It is/was X that/who ... | 某個名詞、時間、原因 | | What-cleft | What ... is/was X | 整個資訊束、動作 | | All-cleft | All (that) ... is/was X | 「唯一、僅僅」之意 |

型 1：It-cleft

It + be + 強調詞 + that/who + 其餘子句

把句子切成兩半——It is 後面放你要強調的東西，that 後面放其他資訊。

Social media shapes teenage self-image. → It is social media that shapes teenage self-image.（強調：是社群媒體，不是其他）

Governments must act now. → It is governments who must act now.（強調：是政府，不是個人）

Taiwan introduced universal healthcare in 1995. → It was in 1995 that Taiwan introduced universal healthcare.（強調：時間）

型 2：What-cleft

What + 主詞 + 動詞 ... + is/was + 強調詞

把整個資訊束包裝到前面——讓 is 後面的那個字「落在重音上」。

We need stronger regulation. → What we need is stronger regulation.

The policy failed to address rural poverty. → What the policy failed to address was rural poverty.

This approach does not solve the root cause. → What this approach fails to do is solve the root cause.

型 3：All-cleft

All (that) + 主詞 + 動詞 ... + is/was + 強調詞

意思是「唯一、僅僅」——語氣比 What-cleft 更強。

All students need is basic digital literacy — anything beyond that is a bonus.

All the government has done so far is publish a consultation document.

All that truly matters in this debate is whether outcomes improve.

使用時機表

| 情境 | 建議型 | 範例 | |-----------------------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| | Task 2 強調關鍵因素 | It-cleft | It is economic inequality that drives these trends. | | Task 2 點出問題根源 | What-cleft | What is often overlooked is the long-term cost. | | Task 2 反駁一個觀點 | All-cleft | All this policy achieves is a temporary delay. | | Task 1 強調時間點 | It-cleft | It was between 2010 and 2015 that the sharpest rise occurred. | | Speaking Part 3 強調想法 | What-cleft | What I really think is that education matters most. |

台灣考生最常見錯誤

錯誤 1：把 It-cleft 跟虛主詞 it 搞混

❌ It is important that governments act.（這是虛主詞句，不是分裂句，沒加分） ✓ It is governments that must act — not individuals alone.（It-cleft，強調主詞）

規則：分裂句的 It is 後面必須接可強調的具體詞（名詞、時間、地點）——不是形容詞或整個 that 子句。

錯誤 2：What-cleft 後面時態不匹配

❌ What we need are addressing root causes. ✓ What we need is to address root causes. ✓ What we need is a serious plan to address root causes.

規則：What-cleft 後面接 is/was + 名詞片語 / to-不定詞。

錯誤 3：All-cleft 用得太頻繁

All-cleft 帶有「只不過、僅僅」的貶抑或簡化語氣——一篇 280 字 essay 最多用 1 次。連用兩次讀起來像抱怨。

節奏建議：一篇塞幾個？

| 長度 | 建議分裂句用量 | |---------------|----------------| | Speaking 回答 | 0-1 個（自然） | | Task 1（150字）| 1 個（強調時間）| | Task 2（280字）| 2-3 個（每段最多 1 個）|

千萬不要每段都塞——Examiner 會察覺你在表演。跟 被動語態 同原則：多樣、少量、精準。

Before / After 對照

Band 6.5 平鋪

Climate change is caused by human activity. Governments need to act. Individuals also matter. The most important thing is reducing emissions.

四個直陳句——訊息都到了，但節奏平板。

Band 7.5 加入 2 個分裂句

What drives climate change is fundamentally human activity, and it is governments, not individuals alone, who possess the tools to change course. Individual action matters, of course; yet all that personal choices can achieve without policy support is a slow and partial reduction in emissions.

同樣的觀點——加了 What-cleft + It-cleft + All-cleft 後，有重心、有對比、有節奏。

10 題自測

將下列句子改寫為指定型分裂句。

  1. （It-cleft, 強調 the internet）The internet transformed global communication.
  2. （It-cleft, 強調時間）Taiwan abolished martial law in 1987.
  3. （What-cleft）We should focus on long-term outcomes.
  4. （What-cleft）The report ignored the rural population.
  5. （All-cleft）The policy merely postponed the problem.
  6. （It-cleft, 強調 poverty）Poverty, not culture, explains these outcomes.
  7. （What-cleft）I admire her honesty most.
  8. （All-cleft）Students only require basic guidance.
  9. （It-cleft, 強調地點）The protests began in Taipei.
  10. （What-cleft）Schools must teach critical thinking.

解答

  1. It was the internet that transformed global communication.
  2. It was in 1987 that Taiwan abolished martial law.
  3. What we should focus on is long-term outcomes.
  4. What the report ignored was the rural population.
  5. All that the policy achieved was postponing the problem.
  6. It is poverty, not culture, that explains these outcomes.
  7. What I admire most about her is her honesty.
  8. All students require is basic guidance.
  9. It was in Taipei that the protests began.
  10. What schools must teach is critical thinking.

自我檢查：每個分裂句是否強調了最關鍵的資訊？強錯位置反而像語法練習——Examiner 會察覺。

延伸閱讀：