Examiner 改 Task 1 最怕看到什麼？——The chart shows data in 2010 to 2020. 這一句三個錯誤全在介系詞：應該是 from 2010 to 2020。台灣考生在介系詞上丟分的速度，僅次於冠詞。

問題跟冠詞很像：**中文一個「在」字可以翻譯 at / on / in——英文強制你挑一個**。你在 星期一 用 in，在 十二月 用 at——全部錯。

先看過 冠詞攻略 的人，這篇是下一個要補的洞。

為什麼台灣考生特別容易錯

中文的空間／時間介系詞非常精簡：「我在家」、「我在星期一來」、「我在十二月出生」——同一個「在」字。英文卻要求：

| 中文 | 英文 | |--------------|-------------------------| | 在家 | at home | | 在星期一 | on Monday | | 在十二月 | in December | | 在晚上 | at night / in the evening |

沒有「直覺」——只有硬記 + 理解幾個核心模型。本篇把這些模型歸納成三張表。

核心模型：大 → 中 → 小

記住這個比喻就解決 80%：

  • in = 大範圍、被包在裡面的感覺（月、年、季、大城市、國家、封閉空間）
  • on = 表面上、特定一天、特定線上（日期、星期、街道名、平面）
  • at = 一個點（時刻、地址門牌、小地點、節日）

表 1：時間介系詞

| 介系詞 | 用於 | 範例 | |--------|--------------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | at | 時刻 | at 7pm, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise | | at | 節日（整體） | at Christmas, at Easter, at the weekend（英式） | | at | 特定時間點 | at the moment, at present, at the same time | | on | 星期 | on Monday, on Tuesday morning | | on | 日期 | on 12 March, on my birthday | | on | 特定日期的時段 | on Christmas Day, on New Year's Eve | | in | 月 | in March, in December | | in | 年／年代／世紀 | in 2024, in the 1990s, in the 21st century | | in | 季節 | in spring, in autumn | | in | 一天的時段 | in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening | | in | 表示「多久之後」 | in two weeks, in three hours | | 零介系詞 | this / last / next / every | last week, this year, next month, every day — **不要加 in / *on*** |

Task 1 必備時間表達

Between 2010 and 2020, the figure rose steadily. From 2000 to 2015, sales fluctuated. Over the course of the decade, demand doubled. By 2030, the proportion will exceed 60%. In the early 2000s, consumption peaked. At the start of the period, numbers were negligible.

表 2：地點介系詞

| 介系詞 | 用於 | 範例 | |--------|--------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------| | at | 特定地點、門牌、活動 | at home, at school, at work, at the airport, at 25 Park Road, at the meeting | | at | 節點／界點 | at the bus stop, at the corner, at the entrance | | on | 平面、街名、樓層 | on the table, on the wall, on Oxford Street, on the third floor | | on | 交通工具（大眾） | on the bus, on the train, on a plane, on a ship | | in | 封閉空間、城市、國家、區域 | in the room, in Taipei, in Taiwan, in Asia | | in | 小型交通工具／私家車 | in a car, in a taxi（不是 on） | | in | 書、報紙、圖片中 | in the book, in this article, in the photo |

關鍵差別：in the car vs on the bus——私家車用 in（鑽進去），大眾運輸用 on（走上去）。on a plane 嚴格來說該是 in（也封閉），但慣用上 on。

Task 1 地圖 / Speaking 位置描述

The new library was built on the site of the old factory. The supermarket is located at the junction of two main roads. My hometown is in the south of Taiwan. The playground is to the north of the school building. There is a pedestrian bridge over the river.

表 3：方式與其他

| 介系詞 | 用法 | 範例 | |--------|--------------------------|-------------------------------------------------| | by | 交通方式、被動施動者 | by car, by email, written by Hemingway | | with | 工具、陪伴 | write with a pen, went with my friends | | on | 主題、電視／廣播／網路 | a book on economics, on TV, on the radio, on the Internet | | in | 語言、媒介 | in English, in cash, in detail |

台灣學生最常犯的 L1 轉移錯誤

| 情境 | 錯誤 ❌ | 正確 ✅ | |---------------------|----------------------------------|------------------------------------| | 談星期 | in Monday | on Monday | | 談月份 | at December | in December | | 談時刻 | on 7 o'clock | at 7 o'clock | | 這／上／下個... | in last week | 零介系詞: last week | | 交通工具 | in the bus | on the bus | | 講座主題 | a book about economics（可以，但學術更常用）| a book on economics | | Task 1 期間 | in 2010 to 2020 | From 2010 to 2020 或 Between 2010 and 2020 | | 日期 | in 15 March | on 15 March | | 家 | in home | at home | | 學校（作為學生） | in school（美式可）/ at school（英式） | 兩個都能用，但 IELTS 偏英式 at |

8 個 Band 7+ 示範句

  1. At the start of the period, renewable energy accounted for less than 5% of supply; by 2020 this had risen to over 30%.
  2. On average, citizens in developed nations spend around four hours a day on mobile devices.
  3. In many respects, the reforms introduced in the 1990s laid the groundwork for today's system.
  4. From a purely economic perspective, subsidising public transport yields higher returns than widening roads.
  5. At the weekend, the number of visitors to the park more than doubles.
  6. The meeting is scheduled for 3pm on Thursday 14 March, in the main conference room.
  7. Research published in the Lancet found a strong correlation between air pollution and chronic respiratory illness.
  8. By contrast, nations in the global south have made slower progress on emission reduction.

10 題自測

填入 at / on / in，或留白（若不需介系詞）。

  1. The chart shows sales figures ____ 2010 ____ 2020.
  2. My birthday is ____ 12 March, so I usually celebrate ____ the weekend.
  3. ____ last year, I travelled ____ a train ____ Taipei ____ Hualien.
  4. The book ____ my desk is the one I'm reading ____ English class.
  5. ____ present, ____ the moment, most employees work ____ home.
  6. ____ the early 2000s, internet access was still limited ____ rural areas.
  7. He lives ____ 35 Main Street, ____ the second floor.
  8. ____ night, the temperature drops sharply ____ winter.
  9. The meeting will be held ____ Friday ____ 10am ____ the main hall.
  10. ____ my view, education ____ the 21st century must prioritise critical thinking.

解答

  1. from 2010 to 2020（也可 between ... and ...）
  2. on 12 March / at the weekend（英式）/ on the weekend（美式）
  3. Last year（零介系詞）/ on a train / from Taipei to Hualien
  4. on my desk / in English class
  5. At present / at the moment / at home
  6. In the early 2000s / in rural areas
  7. at 35 Main Street / on the second floor
  8. At night / in winter
  9. on Friday / at 10am / in the main hall
  10. In my view / in the 21st century

自我檢查：錯超過三題就重背表 1 跟表 2——這兩個表是 Task 1 與 Speaking 每篇都會用到的。

延伸閱讀：