IELTS 文法 · 轉述句 Reported Speech Writing 引用學術研究的關鍵

Task 2 裡有一個動作你幾乎每段都要做——轉述別人的話。Critics argue that... / Researchers have found that... / Supporters maintain that...——這些都是轉述句。

但大多數台灣考生只會 He said that...——Band 6 的模樣。Band 7+ 要會：

1. 正確的時態回推（backshift）——不然文法錯
2. ***say 跟 tell* 的分野**——用錯立刻扣分
3. 8 個學術報導動詞——不是永遠用 say

先看 被動語態攻略 與 條件句攻略。

為什麼轉述句 = Task 2 的骨架

Band 7 的 Task 2 structure：

Introduction → 提論點
Body 1       → 轉述一派觀點 + 你的立場
Body 2       → 轉述另一派觀點 + 反駁 or 同意
Conclusion   → 綜合

注意——每個 body 都需要「轉述」。你在告訴 Examiner「有人說 X，有人說 Y」。不會轉述句 = 寫不出正規 Task 2。

時態回推（Backshift）規則

當主句動詞是過去式（said, claimed, argued...），受詞子句的時態通常往後退一格。

| 直接引語（現在時態） | 轉述（過去時態） | |------------------------|-----------------------| | 現在簡單 works | 過去簡單 worked | | 現在進行 is working | 過去進行 was working | | 現在完成 has worked | 過去完成 had worked | | 過去簡單 worked | 過去完成 had worked | | will | would | | can | could | | may | might | | must | had to |

範例：

例外：永恆真理、仍成立的事實不需回推

規則：如果被轉述的內容現在仍為真，可以保留原時態。學術寫作裡常見。

say vs tell——台灣考生最大混淆

| 動詞 | 需不需要受詞？ | 例 | |---------|-----------------|-------------------------------------------| | say | 不直接接人 | He said that the plan would work. | | | 要講對誰 → 加 to| He said to me that it would work. | | tell | 必須接人 | He told me that the plan would work.| | | 不能省略人 | ❌ He told that... |

記法：say 直接講內容，tell 要告訴某人。

8 個 Band 7+ 報導動詞

學術寫作**不要永遠用 *say***。換成下面這八個，Lexical Resource + Grammar Range 雙加分。

| 動詞 | 語氣 | Task 2 範例 | |--------------|--------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | argue | 理性主張 | Economists argue that inflation stems largely from supply shocks. | | claim | 宣稱（中性或稍帶懷疑）| Critics claim that the reform will harm low-income households. | | suggest | 委婉、提議 | The report suggests that further research is needed. | | note | 客觀指出 | Analysts note that productivity has stagnated since 2008. | | maintain | 堅持、一貫主張| Supporters maintain that the programme has delivered measurable benefits. | | contend | 強硬主張 | Opponents contend that the law violates basic privacy principles. | | concede | 承認（讓步） | Even critics concede that the policy has reduced unemployment. | | assert | 斷言、有力主張| The author asserts that cultural factors alone cannot explain the gap. |

使用技巧：一篇 Task 2 essay 用 3-4 個不同的報導動詞——不是一個用到底，也不是每段換。

Task 2 模板句

引用研究發現

引用反方立場

讓步再反駁

引用權威機構

3 個常見錯誤

錯誤 1：時態沒回推

（除非至今仍為真，且你要強調「仍然如此」）

錯誤 2：say 接人

錯誤 3：代名詞沒換

規則：轉述時，代名詞要從「說話者角度」換成「你的角度」。

10 題自測

改寫下列為轉述句，時態適當回推。

1. The scientist said, "Climate change is accelerating faster than expected."
2. She told him, "I have finished the report."
3. The critic argued, "The policy will harm low-income families."
4. The professor noted, "This result contradicts previous findings."
5. The minister claimed, "We can reduce emissions by 40% by 2030."
6. The researcher suggested, "Further studies are needed."
7. My colleague maintained, "The data cannot be trusted."
8. The report conceded, "Our methodology had limitations."
9. The author asserted, "Culture alone does not explain the gap."
10. The CEO announced, "We will open three new offices next year."

解答

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延伸閱讀：

• 被動語態攻略
• 條件句攻略
• Academic Collocations