如果把「從 6.5 到 7.0」的能力拆成單一技能，paraphrasing（換句話說） 排第一。比 lexical range（詞彙量）更重要——因為 lexical range 是「你會多少字」，paraphrasing 是「你能不能靈活調度那些字」。
為什麼四項都加分
| 項目 | Paraphrasing 的角色 | |------|---------------------| | Writing Task 1 | 開頭必須 paraphrase 題目——不然字數不算 | | Writing Task 2 | Intro 第一句 paraphrase 題目，後面段落反覆 paraphrase 關鍵詞避免重複 | | Reading | 題目幾乎從不用原文的字——必須看出「這是原文哪一句的 paraphrase」 | | Listening | 題目先印出來，但錄音用的一定是不同字——聽的同時在匹配 paraphrase | | Speaking | Examiner 會反問 "What do you mean by that?" — 你得用別的字重說一遍 |
一個技能 = 四個分項同時進步。這是 IELTS 裡 CP 值最高的練習方向。
三個層次的 paraphrase
Paraphrase 不是只有「換同義字」。它有三層。
Level 1 · 詞彙層（Word-level synonyms）
最簡單。換一個字。
Original: Children need good role models.
Paraphrase: Young people require positive role models.
Level 2 · 片語層（Collocation swaps）
換一個搭配。比如 make a decision → reach a conclusion；solve a problem → address an issue。
Original: The government should solve this problem.
Paraphrase: Policymakers ought to tackle this issue.
Level 3 · 結構層（Syntactic transformation）
最難也最加分。改變句型本身——主動/被動、名詞/動詞、肯定/雙重否定。
Original: Technology has improved education.
Paraphrase (noun→verb): There have been significant improvements in education brought about by technology.
Paraphrase (passive): Education has been improved by technology.
Paraphrase (cleft): It is technology that has driven improvements in education.
Band 6 只會 Level 1。Band 7 靈活用 Level 2+3。
一段三種 paraphrase 示範
原句（雅思題目常見的陳述）：
Many people believe that governments should spend more money on public transport rather than on building new roads.
寫法 A（偏 Level 1 — 換字）
A number of individuals think that authorities ought to invest more funds in public transportation instead of constructing new roads.
六處換字，結構不動。這是 Band 6+ 的換法——安全但平。
寫法 B（Level 2 — 換搭配）
It is widely held that states should prioritise funding for mass transit systems over road expansion projects.
Many people believe → It is widely held；spend money on → prioritise funding for；building new roads → road expansion projects。
寫法 C（Level 3 — 結構改寫）
Whether public funds would be better directed toward public transport rather than new road construction is a matter of considerable debate.
整個句子重組——從 many people believe 的主動陳述變成「議題化」的名詞片語開頭。Band 7.5+ 等級。
自我檢核：你現在在哪一層？
拿你最近寫的 Task 2 essay，挑出 intro 第一句。
- 如果你改了 1-3 個字：Level 1（目標先升到 Level 2）
- 如果你換了片語、搭配：Level 2（目標練結構改寫）
- 如果你整句 restructured：Level 3（目標是讓每段 topic sentence 都做到）
本系列怎麼用
接下來七篇分別處理：
- Paraphrasing Task 2 intro——考場最關鍵的 30 秒
- Paraphrasing Task 1 Academic opening——圖表題的開頭
- Paraphrasing in Reading——考題怎麼換字
- Paraphrasing in Listening——預測音檔的換字
- 20 synonym family bundles——本系列的 MVP 字庫
- 避免意思走樣的陷阱
- 每日 5 種寫法的 drill
搭配詞彙篇：Band 6 到 7 詞彙升級 跟 學術搭配。