人均資料 (per capita) 不能寫成 total emissions——這是 Task 1 環境題最常見的誤讀。本篇用四國 1980–2020 人均 CO2 示範倒 U 形（先升後降）寫法，並用 plateau / level off / decouple 處理已開發國家轉折點。
題目與數據
The line graph below shows CO2 emissions per capita (in tonnes per person) in four countries — the United States, Germany, China and India — between 1980 and 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
資料（單位：tonnes CO2 per person per year）：
| 年份 | 美國 USA | 德國 Germany | 中國 China | 印度 India | |------|----------|--------------|------------|------------| | 1980 | 21.0 | 13.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | | 1990 | 19.5 | 12.0 | 2.2 | 0.7 | | 2000 | 20.5 | 10.0 | 2.7 | 1.0 | | 2010 | 17.5 | 9.5 | 6.5 | 1.4 | | 2020 | 14.0 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 1.9 |
完整範文（167 字）
¹ The line graph illustrates per-capita CO2 emissions, measured in tonnes per person, in the United States, Germany, China and India over the four decades from 1980 to 2020.
² Overall, the two industrialised nations saw their individual carbon footprints decline substantially, whereas the two developing economies moved in the opposite direction; even so, American emissions per person remained well above those of every other country throughout.
³ The United States started the period as by far the heaviest emitter at 21 tonnes per head, and although its figure dipped slightly in the 1990s, it only began falling decisively after 2000, reaching 14 tonnes by 2020. ⁴ Germany followed a steadier downward path, decoupling earlier and more smoothly to settle at 8 tonnes.
⁵ China and India, in contrast, expanded their per-capita emissions in line with industrial growth. ⁶ Chinese figures jumped fivefold from 1.5 to 7.5 tonnes, briefly overtaking Germany around 2015, while Indian emissions, though still the lowest, almost quadrupled to nearly 2 tonnes.
句句 Band Descriptor 解析
- 句 1 — Task Achievement: per-capita... measured in tonnes per person — 一次點明資料單位，避免後續誤讀。
- 句 2 — Task Achievement (Overview): 分組（已開發 vs 開發中）+ 持續最高（USA），三層 feature 一句完成。
- 句 3 — Grammar Range: although its figure dipped slightly in the 1990s, it only began falling decisively after 2000 — 讓步子句 + 副詞 decisively 描述「真正下降」的轉折。
- 句 4 — Lexical: decoupling earlier and more smoothly — decouple 是環境題高階詞（經濟成長與排放脫鉤）。
- 句 5 — Coherence: in contrast + topic sentence 帶段。
- 句 6 — Lexical + Grammar: jumped fivefold... briefly overtaking Germany around 2015 — 倍數 + 分詞片語點出短暫超越。
9 組高分詞彙
| Phrase | 中文 | |--------|------| | per-capita emissions / per head | 人均排放 | | carbon footprint | 碳足跡 | | decouple from industrial growth | 與工業成長脫鉤 | | settle at X tonnes | 穩定在 X 噸 | | the heaviest emitter | 排放量最高者 | | expand in line with | 隨…同步擴大 | | briefly overtake | 短暫超越 | | jumped fivefold | 翻五倍 | | remain well above those of | 仍遠高於… |
本篇避開的常見錯誤
**錯誤：用 China is the biggest CO2 emitter 寫總量結論。 題目是 per capita**——中國總量第一沒錯，但人均仍低於美國。寫總量結論直接 misread data，Task Achievement 卡 5.5。
本範文全篇用 per-capita / per person / per head / individual carbon footprints 鎖定人均單位，並在結論點出「美國人均仍最高」這個與直覺相反的主特徵——這就是看懂題目的證明。