Advantages/Disadvantages 題考生最常犯的錯：把利和弊各寫一段就結束，沒有衡量。題目問 "do the advantages outweigh"——必須明確回答是或否。本篇示範。
題目
In many popular destinations, the number of international visitors has grown dramatically in recent decades, a trend sometimes described as "mass tourism".
Do the advantages of mass tourism outweigh the disadvantages?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.
題型：Advantages/Disadvantages (do X outweigh Y)。我的立場：disadvantages increasingly outweigh the advantages。
完整範文（295 字）
¹ The rapid expansion of international tourism has reshaped economies and landscapes from Bali to Barcelona, prompting increasingly urgent debate about whether the phenomenon remains, on balance, a positive force. ² My view is that the disadvantages of mass tourism now outweigh the advantages in most high-traffic destinations, although this verdict is closely tied to how effectively local authorities manage visitor flows.
³ The principal advantage is undeniably economic. ⁴ Tourism creates employment at unusual scale, sustains small businesses that would otherwise struggle, and provides foreign exchange that can fund public infrastructure. ⁵ A 2023 UNWTO report estimated that tourism supports roughly one in ten jobs globally, a figure that rises above one in five in coastal economies such as the Maldives or parts of southern Europe. ⁶ For developing regions in particular, this income stream is difficult to replace.
⁷ Nevertheless, the costs have grown disproportionately as visitor numbers outpace local infrastructure. ⁸ Historic city centres such as Venice and Kyoto are hollowed out as long-term residents are priced out by short-term rentals, while fragile coastal ecosystems buckle under the weight of cruise ships and over-development. ⁹ Cultural sites originally designed for hundreds now absorb tens of thousands daily, eroding both the experience and the physical fabric. ¹⁰ Moreover, the carbon cost of long-haul flights, once treated as invisible, is increasingly difficult to ignore as climate commitments tighten. ¹¹ When the income mostly flows to international hotel chains while the social and environmental bills stay local, the ledger tips decisively.
¹² In conclusion, while mass tourism continues to generate real economic value, its accelerating environmental, cultural and social costs now outweigh those benefits — at least wherever governments have failed to impose meaningful limits on growth.
句句解析
§1 — Intro
- 句 1 (Hook): "The rapid expansion of international tourism has reshaped economies and landscapes from Bali to Barcelona..." — 地名對仗 + reshaped 高階動詞。
- 句 2 (Thesis): "My view is that the disadvantages... now outweigh the advantages... although this verdict is closely tied to..." — 明確回答題目 (outweigh) + 預告 qualification。✓ Task Response
§2 — Advantages（公平呈現）
- 句 3 (Topic sentence): "The principal advantage is undeniably economic." — undeniably 讓步。
- 句 4 (Three-part develop): "Tourism creates employment..., sustains small businesses..., and provides foreign exchange..." — 三個 parallel verb，Grammar Range 展示。
- 句 5 (Evidence): "A 2023 UNWTO report estimated that... one in ten jobs globally, a figure that rises above one in five..." — 兩個數字增加 credibility。
- 句 6 (Specific group): "For developing regions in particular, this income stream is difficult to replace." — 精準化受益群。
§3 — Disadvantages（比較長，支持立場）
- 句 7 (Pivot): "Nevertheless, the costs have grown disproportionately..." — disproportionately 是關鍵副詞——不是說 costs 有，而是說比例失衡。
- 句 8 (Specific example): "Historic city centres such as Venice and Kyoto are hollowed out..." — 具體地點、priced out 搭配。
- 句 9 (Scale argument): "Cultural sites originally designed for hundreds now absorb tens of thousands..." — 數字對比。
- 句 10 (New dimension): "Moreover, the carbon cost... is increasingly difficult to ignore..." — 加入新維度（環境）。
- 句 11 (Memorable close): "...the ledger tips decisively." — idiomatic 收尾。✓ Lexical
§4 — Conclusion
- 句 12 (Balanced verdict): "...while mass tourism continues to generate real economic value, its accelerating... costs now outweigh..." — 承認利 + 明確判決 + 條件從句（at least wherever governments have failed...）。
四大評分項證據表
| 評分項 | 本篇證據 | Band | |--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------| | Task Response | 明確回答 do X outweigh Y（dis 勝）；兩邊都發展；dis 段落較長支持立場；結論帶條件但不逃避 | 7 | | Coherence & Cohesion | 段落功能分明；pivot linker（Nevertheless, Moreover）；parallel verbs（句 4）；referent 穩定（this income stream, the ledger） | 7 | | Lexical Resource | Topic-specific（short-term rentals, cruise ships, coastal ecosystems, long-haul flights, foreign exchange）；搭配（hollowed out, priced out） | 7 | | Grammar Range | Passive（are hollowed out, are priced out, originally designed）；relative clause（that would otherwise struggle）；cleft-like（When... while..., the ledger tips） | 7 |
三個可複製的 Adv/Dis 動作
1. Intro 必答「outweigh 與否」
不要寫 "This essay will discuss both"——要直接回答 "the disadvantages now outweigh the advantages"。Task Response 7 的第一道關卡。
2. 弱的那邊要公平呈現
即使你的立場是「dis 勝」，§2 還是要認真寫優點（見句 4-6，三個動詞 + 數字 + 受益群）。寫得太薄 = 看起來偏見 = 扣 Task Response。
3. 結論加「條件子句」軟化判決
"...at least wherever governments have failed to impose meaningful limits..." — 暗示「若管理好，結論可能不同」。這是 Band 7+ 的成熟度。