全球化與文化（Globalisation / Culture）題佔 Task 2 約 9%。最常見的題型是「全球化讓文化消失——好還是壞？」——考生往往一面倒寫「當然壞」，結果 Task Response 卡 6.0。Band 7 要的是辯證：承認均質化的現實，同時點出文化也一直在被重新創造。
五種子題
| 子題 | 典型提問 | |------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------| | 文化均質化 | Is the world becoming culturally identical? Is this positive or negative? | | 保存傳統 | Should governments spend money preserving traditional culture? | | 全球 vs 地方身份 | Do people today feel more global than national? | | 語言滅絕 | Should minority languages be actively protected from extinction? | | 文化交流 | Do foreign tourists and immigrants enrich or weaken local culture? |
四個萬用論點
萬用論點 1：Homogenisation vs hybridisation 均質化 vs 混血化
適用：文化均質化、全球品牌、飲食、音樂。
核心邏輯：不是「全球 = 同一個樣子」，而是各地吸收全球元素後創造新版本（K-pop、台式珍奶出海、印度 Bollywood）。
The popular narrative of "cultural homogenisation" often overstates the case. What is more accurately observed is hybridisation: local communities absorb global elements — music, cuisine, fashion — and recombine them into something distinctly their own. South Korean pop music, for instance, blends American production techniques with local aesthetics to create a cultural export that no pre-globalisation framework could have predicted.
萬用論點 2：Cultural identity as anchor 文化身份作為定錨
適用：保存傳統、身份危機、多元文化張力。
For many communities, cultural identity functions as an anchor in a rapidly changing world. Language, ritual and shared memory provide continuity between generations that economic globalisation, by its nature, cannot offer. The erosion of these anchors — through language extinction or the loss of traditional practices — correlates in multiple studies with weaker social cohesion and higher rates of intergenerational conflict.
萬用論點 3：Economic drivers of cultural change 文化變遷的經濟驅力
適用：任何「傳統消失」題。
核心邏輯：傳統消失通常不是因為人不愛，是因為經濟結構讓它維持不下去（年輕人必須離鄉、技藝學徒無收入）。
Traditional crafts and practices rarely disappear because communities stop valuing them; they disappear because the economic conditions that sustained them collapse. When a week of apprenticeship in a heritage craft pays less than a single day of factory work, the apparent "loss of tradition" is more accurately described as a rational response to an altered labour market.
萬用論點 4：Selective preservation 選擇性保存
適用：政府補助文化、UNESCO 世界遺產、語言保存。
A thoughtful approach to cultural preservation distinguishes between what can realistically be maintained as living practice and what is better documented as heritage. A 2022 UNESCO report estimated that one of the world's 7,000 languages disappears every two weeks; most cannot realistically be revived, but all can be recorded — and the distinction between active preservation and archival protection is one policymakers must make explicitly.
台灣考生的寫作陷阱
台灣考生寫全球化題常犯兩個毛病。第一，過度防衛——把「本土文化被侵蝕」當成絕對命題，忽略全球化也帶來台灣文化（珍奶、霹靂布袋戲、台灣電影）的輸出機會。Band 7 要看得到雙向流動。第二，詞彙落在 B1 層級——tradition, modern, change, lose 這些字用一輪就沒了。用上 homogenisation, cosmopolitan, assimilation, heritage 這類精準詞彙才進得了 Band 7。
主題詞彙
| 中文 | 英文 | |-------------|-------------------------------------------------| | 文化均質化 | cultural homogenisation | | 文化身份 | cultural identity | | 侵蝕 | erosion | | 保存 | preservation | | 世界主義的 | cosmopolitan | | 同化 | assimilation | | 文化遺產 | heritage | | 文化混血 | cultural hybridisation | | 在地化 | localisation | | 少數語言 | minority / endangered languages | | 文化帝國主義| cultural imperialism | | 無形遺產 | intangible heritage | | 世代傳承 | intergenerational transmission |
範例段落（文化均質化題）
Critics of globalisation frequently argue that the world is converging on a single, American-inflected culture — the same coffee chains, the same streaming services, the same style of dress in every major city. There is undeniable evidence for this convergence. Nevertheless, describing it as "homogenisation" misses the more interesting phenomenon: local cultures rarely accept global inputs passively. Taiwanese bubble tea, now sold in over 50 countries, demonstrates the opposite flow — a regional invention that has quietly reshaped the global beverage industry. Cultural exchange, in other words, runs in both directions.
為什麼 Band 7：American-inflected 是精準 adjective、misses the more interesting phenomenon 是高階 verb、具體例子（台灣珍奶 + 數字）、runs in both directions 作為 paragraph 收尾的 reframe——Band 7+ 的典型段落結構。
快速練習
題目：Some people believe that globalisation is causing smaller cultures and languages to disappear, while others see it as a natural exchange. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
試寫 intro + §2（支持「正在消失」那方）。挑戰：§2 至少用上一個具體數字、一個 concession（admittedly / there is some truth in this）。