環境（Environment）是 Task 2 第二常考的主題，佔比約 12%。但奇怪的是——它也是台灣考生最容易寫得像小學作文的題目：Pollution is bad. We should save the Earth. Trees are good.

問題在於：環境議題的詞彙非常專業。Examiner 讀一篇談環境的 essay，第一眼就在找 greenhouse gases, biodiversity, mitigation, circular economy 這類字。少了它們，即使文法完美，Lexical Resource 也只能到 6 分。

先看 Band 6 → 7 詞彙升級 與 Academic Collocations。

為什麼這個主題詞彙特別關鍵

教育題你可以用「生活常識」撐過去，但環境題不行——Band 7+ 要求你像 BBC 記者一樣討論碳稅、減排、永續。沒這些字，整篇停在 environment is important 的小學等級。

好消息是：環境詞彙高度可預測。背熟下面 25 個字，Task 2 環境題你幾乎都能應付。

五大子類詞彙

1. 氣候（Climate）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 溫室氣體 | greenhouse gases | Greenhouse gases have risen by nearly 50% since pre-industrial times. | | 碳足跡 | carbon footprint | Reducing one's carbon footprint requires structural change, not just good intentions. | | 全球暖化 | global warming | Global warming is projected to breach the 1.5°C threshold within this decade. | | 極端氣候 | extreme weather events | Extreme weather events now cost Asia over $400 billion a year. | | 海平面上升 | sea-level rise | Coastal cities face accelerating sea-level rise of 3-4 mm annually. |

2. 資源（Resources）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |------------|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 再生能源 | renewable | Renewable sources now supply over 30% of Taiwan's electricity generation. | | 化石燃料 | fossil fuels | Weaning economies off fossil fuels remains the central challenge of the century. | | 耗竭 | depletion | Groundwater depletion threatens long-term food security in northern India. | | 生物多樣性 | biodiversity | Industrial agriculture is the single largest driver of biodiversity loss. | | 可持續性 | sustainability | True sustainability requires that extraction rates do not exceed regeneration. |

3. 污染（Pollution）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |------------|-------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 排放 | emissions | CO₂ emissions from transport have proved especially difficult to cut. | | 污染 | contamination | Chemical contamination of the river was traced to an upstream factory. | | 微塑膠 | microplastics | Microplastics have now been detected in human blood samples worldwide. | | 空氣品質 | air quality | Air quality in urban Taiwan frequently exceeds WHO safe thresholds. | | 水污染 | water pollution | Water pollution from agricultural runoff affects 40% of European rivers. |

4. 行動（Action）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|---------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 減緩 | mitigation | Climate mitigation and adaptation must proceed in parallel. | | 保育 | conservation | Marine conservation zones have revived fish stocks in under a decade. | | 淘汰 | phase out | The EU plans to phase out internal-combustion vehicles by 2035. | | 減排 | decarbonisation | Industrial decarbonisation requires massive investment in clean hydrogen. | | 復育 | restoration | Wetland restoration projects have brought back 40 bird species to the estuary. |

5. 政策（Policy）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |------------|-------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 碳稅 | carbon tax | A carbon tax sends a price signal that voluntary schemes cannot match. | | 排放上限 | emissions cap | The national emissions cap will tighten by 5% annually through 2030. | | 補貼 | subsidies | Fossil-fuel subsidies still exceed renewable subsidies in a surprising number of countries. | | 強制規範 | regulations | Tougher regulations on single-use plastics came into force last year. | | 國際協議 | accords | The Paris Accords set a ceiling but left enforcement largely voluntary. |

高頻搭配詞束

| 中文 | Collocation | 示範 | |--------------------|------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 減緩氣候變遷 | mitigate climate change | Reforestation alone cannot mitigate climate change. | | 減少碳排放 | reduce carbon emissions | Electrifying transport is the fastest way to reduce carbon emissions. | | 保護生物多樣性 | protect biodiversity | Marine reserves protect biodiversity more effectively than quotas alone. | | 淘汰化石燃料 | phase out fossil fuels | Wealthy nations have pledged to phase out fossil fuels by 2050. | | 採行永續做法 | adopt sustainable practices | Farmers adopting sustainable practices qualify for EU subsidies. | | 施行法規 | impose regulations | Governments must impose regulations on high-emission industries. |

避免這些被用到爛的字

| 過度使用 ❌ | Band 7+ 替換 ✓ | |--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | pollution | contamination / emissions / airborne particulates / industrial waste | | environment | ecosystems / natural habitats / the biosphere / the natural world | | save the Earth | mitigate environmental damage / preserve ecosystems / protect biodiversity | | trees | forests / woodlands / tree cover / canopy |

提醒：save the Earth 在 Band 7+ essay 裡絕對不要出現——這是小學作文用語。講 mitigate climate change 或 preserve ecosystems。

150 字示範段

題目脈絡：Some argue individuals can do little about climate change and only governments can act meaningfully.

While individual decisions undeniably shape aggregate outcomes, I would argue that only coordinated policy can meaningfully mitigate climate change at the speed now required. Voluntary behaviour change is commendable but insufficient: even if every household reduced its carbon footprint by 20%, total emissions would fall by barely 8%, since industrial and agricultural sectors generate the vast majority. Governments, by contrast, possess the regulatory tools to impose a carbon tax, phase out fossil fuels, and mandate that corporations adopt sustainable practices across their supply chains. A well-designed emissions cap, coupled with targeted subsidies for renewable energy, can reshape an entire economy within a decade — as Denmark's wind-power transition demonstrates. Individual action matters, but treating it as a substitute for policy risks decades of delay at precisely the moment the planet can least afford it.

段落整合了 10 個主題詞彙與 4 組搭配詞——自然分布，不顯刻意。

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