時尚（Fashion & Clothing）在 IELTS 的存在感比想像中高：Speaking Part 1/2 常問 Do you care about fashion? Describe a piece of clothing you like；Task 2 近五年頻出「快時尚與環境」、「學校制服該不該」。

但這個主題的詞彙差距天壤之別：會的考生寫 fast fashion, textile waste, sustainable sourcing；不會的停在 clothes, beautiful, cheap, many colours。Lexical Resource 幾乎 2 Band 的落差。

搭配 Band 6 → 7 詞彙升級 與 主題詞彙 · 環境 Environment。

這個主題為什麼差距這麼大

時尚是既生活又學術的題目——Speaking 要會講具體單品（a blazer, sneakers, a hoodie），Task 2 要會寫產業批判（supply chain, textile waste, overconsumption）。兩種都要會。

五大子類詞彙

1. 服裝類型（Garment Types）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 正式西裝 | suit / formal attire | Formal attire has retreated to specific professions and ceremonial occasions. | | 外套 | jacket / coat | A well-cut coat remains the single garment that defines a winter silhouette. | | 運動服 | sportswear / athleisure | Athleisure has blurred the line between workout gear and office casuals. | | 休閒服 | casual wear | Casual wear has become the default dress code for most creative workplaces. | | 配件 | accessories | Accessories such as a watch or scarf often carry more style signal than the outfit itself. |

2. 風格描述（Style)

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|-------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 簡約 | minimalist | Minimalist Scandinavian design has shaped mainstream wardrobes since 2015. | | 合身 | well-tailored | A well-tailored shirt transforms even modestly priced fabric. | | 永續剪裁 | timeless cut | Timeless cuts resist obsolescence in a way seasonal trends never can. | | 流行 | trendy / on-trend | Trendy pieces rarely justify their price once the cycle moves on. | | 復古 | vintage / retro | Vintage clothing shops have multiplied as young shoppers reject fast fashion. |

3. 時尚產業（The Industry）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|---------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 成衣 | ready-to-wear | Ready-to-wear collections now release up to twelve times a year. | | 高級訂製 | haute couture | Haute couture remains economically marginal but culturally influential. | | 品牌 | label / brand | Heritage labels command loyalty that independent brands struggle to build. | | 供應鏈 | supply chain | Opaque supply chains allow human-rights abuses to persist unseen. | | 設計師 | designer | Emerging designers increasingly bypass traditional fashion weeks altogether. |

4. 環境與社會議題（Issues）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 快時尚 | fast fashion | Fast fashion produces roughly 10% of global carbon emissions. | | 紡織廢棄 | textile waste | Textile waste in landfill has doubled in the past fifteen years. | | 過度消費 | overconsumption | Overconsumption is the central mechanism behind the industry's environmental footprint. | | 血汗工廠 | sweatshop labour | Sweatshop labour remains documented across multiple tiers of the supply chain. | | 永續時尚 | sustainable fashion | Sustainable fashion labels still occupy a small share of global sales. |

5. 消費型態（Consumer Patterns）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |--------------|-------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 線上購物 | online shopping | Online shopping now accounts for over a third of clothing purchases. | | 退貨率 | return rate | Return rates on online clothing regularly exceed 30%, with significant carbon cost. | | 二手服飾 | second-hand clothing | Second-hand clothing is losing its stigma among younger consumers. | | 衣櫃策展 | curate a wardrobe | Curated wardrobes of 30–50 items are displacing buy-and-discard habits. | | 自我表達 | self-expression | Clothing choices remain one of the most accessible forms of self-expression. |

高頻搭配詞束

| 中文 | Collocation | 示範 | |------------------|-------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 展現個性 | express one's individuality | Teenagers express their individuality through clothing before almost any other medium. | | 跟上潮流 | keep up with trends | Keeping up with trends has become both cheaper and more exhausting. | | 精心打扮 | dress smartly | Employees are less inclined to dress smartly than they were twenty years ago. | | 衝動購物 | impulse buy | Impulse buys account for a surprising share of fast-fashion revenue. | | 有環保意識 | environmentally conscious | Environmentally conscious shoppers are reshaping high-street assortments. | | 穿舊衣循環 | rewear / rotate | Rotating a small, well-chosen wardrobe outperforms constant novelty. |

避免這些被用到爛的字

| 過度使用 ❌ | Band 7+ 替換 ✓ | |------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | nice clothes | well-cut garments / stylish pieces / a considered outfit | | beautiful | elegant / striking / understated / sharply tailored | | cheap | affordable / low-cost / budget-friendly / competitively priced | | buy clothes | shop for garments / pick up new pieces / refresh one's wardrobe |

提醒：Task 2 裡 nice clothes 絕對不能出現——這是國中英文。至少換成 stylish pieces 或 well-cut garments。

150 字示範段

題目脈絡：Some argue fast fashion should be heavily regulated because of its environmental cost.

I strongly agree that fast fashion warrants far tighter regulation, given the scale of its environmental footprint. The industry now produces roughly a tenth of global carbon emissions and generates textile waste on a scale that local recycling systems cannot absorb. Overconsumption is structural rather than accidental: shoppers are environmentally conscious in survey responses yet continue to impulse buy as algorithms flood their feeds with twelve collections a year. Meaningful policy — extended producer responsibility, landfill bans on unsold stock, and supply-chain transparency requirements — would shift costs back onto the brands currently externalising them. Critics argue such measures hurt low-income consumers; in practice, pairing regulation with support for second-hand clothing, sustainable fashion labels, and repair services preserves affordability while cutting waste. Fashion can still be a vehicle for self-expression without the industrial damage that currently underpins it.

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