全球化與文化（Globalisation & Culture）是 Task 2 三大抽象高頻題之一：跨國企業是否削弱在地文化、英語擴張是否壓縮其他語言、移民帶來什麼、傳統文化如何保存。

考生死穴：globalisation makes the world smaller, every country has its own culture, English is important——這 3 句寫完整篇就沒下文。Band 7+ 要的是 cultural homogenisation, multinational corporations, cross-cultural exchange, cultural preservation, linguistic diversity。

搭配 Band 6 → 7 詞彙升級 與 Task 2 主題 · 全球化與文化。

這個主題的最大陷阱

全球化題經常變成「我覺得文化很重要」這種空話。Band 7+ 的關鍵是把抽象論點「制度化」：誰主導？誰承擔成本？哪些政策可以調整？而這些討論的詞彙就在下面五個分類裡。

五大子類詞彙

1. 全球化現象（Globalisation Dynamics）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 全球化 | globalisation | Globalisation has lifted aggregate income while widening within-country inequality. | | 跨國企業 | multinational corporations | Multinational corporations now wield revenues exceeding many national budgets. | | 國際貿易 | international trade | International trade has integrated supply chains in ways pandemics later exposed. | | 全球供應鏈 | global supply chain | A single port disruption can ripple through every major global supply chain. | | 文化全球化 | cultural globalisation | Cultural globalisation flows in both directions, even if the volume is uneven. |

2. 跨文化交流（Cross-Cultural Exchange）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 文化交流 | cultural exchange | Genuine cultural exchange requires more than touristic encounter. | | 跨文化溝通 | cross-cultural communication | Cross-cultural communication remains a competitive edge in international business. | | 文化多元 | cultural diversity | Cultural diversity within a city correlates with stronger long-term innovation. | | 多元文化主義 | multiculturalism | Multiculturalism is criticised by some, but consistently outperforms forced assimilation. | | 共通文化 | shared culture | A shared culture can develop without erasing the local cultures that fed into it. |

3. 文化保存（Cultural Preservation）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 文化認同 | cultural identity | Cultural identity is durable, but it is not indestructible. | | 傳統習俗 | traditional customs | Traditional customs adapt across generations rather than dying outright. | | 母語 | native / mother tongue | Children retain their mother tongue best when it is used at home and at school. | | 文化遺產 | cultural heritage | Cultural heritage is most resilient when communities, not just states, defend it. | | 在地化 | localisation | Successful global brands rely on heavy localisation, not pure standardisation. |

4. 移民與流動（Migration & Mobility）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 移民 | migrants / immigrants | Migrants have built more cities than they have unsettled. | | 移工 | migrant workers | Migrant workers underpin entire sectors, from construction to elder care. | | 人才外流 | brain drain | Brain drain hurts sending countries longer than the remittances compensate for. | | 外籍社群 | expatriate community | Expatriate communities transmit culture in both directions of the migration flow. | | 難民 | refugees | Refugees integrate fastest where work permits arrive earliest. |

5. 議題與張力（Issues & Tensions）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 文化同質化 | cultural homogenisation | Cultural homogenisation is overstated by elites and underestimated by economists. | | 文化挪用 | cultural appropriation | Cultural appropriation debates often obscure the harder question of fair credit. | | 西化 | Westernisation | Westernisation has been more thorough in consumption than in values. | | 英語霸權 | English-language dominance | English-language dominance accelerates research diffusion but narrows what gets read. | | 語言多樣性 | linguistic diversity | Linguistic diversity collapses faster than biodiversity, with less public alarm. |

高頻搭配詞束

| 中文 | Collocation | 示範 | |------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 保存文化遺產 | preserve cultural heritage | Local communities preserve cultural heritage more reliably than state agencies. | | 推動文化交流 | foster cultural exchange | University exchange programmes foster cultural exchange across precisely the cohort that matters. | | 適應新文化 | adapt to a new culture | Adapting to a new culture takes years longer than the language alone. | | 跨越文化差異 | bridge cultural differences | Workplaces that bridge cultural differences see lower attrition. | | 受到文化影響 | be culturally influenced | Modern Korean food is culturally influenced by both Japan and the United States. | | 守護傳統 | safeguard traditions | Communities that safeguard traditions through use, not display, retain them longest. |

避免這些被用到爛的字

| 過度使用 ❌ | Band 7+ 替換 ✓ | |------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | culture | cultural identity / cultural heritage / shared traditions | | foreign people | international visitors / migrants / non-native residents | | the world | the international community / the global stage / multiple economies | | every country | most nations / a wide range of societies / numerous polities |

提醒：Task 2 寫 every country has its own culture 是空洞模板句。換成 each society has developed a distinctive cultural identity 立刻 Band 7+。

150 字示範段

題目脈絡：Some argue globalisation is destroying local cultures; others say it enriches them.

The fear that globalisation is steadily eroding local cultures is understandable, but the picture is more two-directional than the cultural homogenisation narrative suggests. Multinational corporations have undeniably standardised consumer surfaces — the same coffee chain in every airport — yet beneath that surface, cross-cultural communication has accelerated revivals of traditional customs that earlier generations dismissed as parochial. K-pop, Italian slow food, and Indigenous textile cooperatives all spread internationally precisely because cultural exchange now travels faster than ever before. The genuine threat is not exposure but power asymmetry: English-language dominance quietly narrows which voices get heard, and brain drain hollows out the very communities whose cultural heritage most needs defenders. Policy that funds linguistic diversity, supports migrant workers' integration without erasure, and protects cultural heritage at community level can ensure that globalisation enriches rather than flattens the cultures it touches.

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