健康（Health）是 IELTS Task 2 三大常考主題之一。基礎詞彙——keep healthy, exercise more, eat fruit and vegetables——多數考生都會，但這些字 9 成考生都在用，撐不到 Band 7。

進階健康詞彙圍繞公共衛生與系統性議題：preventive medicine, mental health, healthcare disparities, ageing population, lifestyle disease。一段 essay 嵌入 5-6 個進階字，論證立刻變得制度化、學術化。

先讀 主題詞彙 · 健康（基礎），再對照 Task 2 主題 · 健康。

為什麼進階詞彙能拉開差距

健康題的考官在意一件事：你是把它當「個人選擇」題（吃健康、多運動）還是「公共政策」題（誰買單、誰負責）。Band 7+ 的論證一定要切入後者——而後者的詞彙恰好是 public health, healthcare system, preventive care, health inequality。

五大子類詞彙

1. 公共衛生（Public Health）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 公共衛生 | public health | Public health gains of the 20th century outweigh those of curative medicine combined. | | 流行病 | epidemic / pandemic | Pandemic preparedness requires permanent investment, not emergency improvisation. | | 疫苗接種 | vaccination / immunisation | Routine immunisation prevents an estimated four million child deaths annually. | | 醫療體系 | healthcare system | No healthcare system has yet found a sustainable answer to chronic disease. | | 健康識能 | health literacy | Low health literacy correlates with worse outcomes across nearly every condition. |

2. 心理健康（Mental Health）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 心理健康 | mental health | Mental health has overtaken back pain as the leading cause of long-term sickness. | | 焦慮 | anxiety | Reported anxiety among adolescents has risen across every wealthy nation since 2010. | | 憂鬱 | depression | Clinical depression remains stigmatised in many workplaces despite formal policies. | | 心理諮商 | counselling / therapy | Access to counselling determines outcomes more reliably than the diagnostic label. | | 心理韌性 | psychological resilience | Psychological resilience can be cultivated, not just inherited. |

3. 預防醫學（Preventive Medicine）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 預防保健 | preventive care | Investment in preventive care saves several pounds for every one spent. | | 篩檢 | screening | Routine cervical screening cut mortality by over 70% in adopting countries. | | 慢性病 | chronic disease | Chronic disease now consumes the bulk of healthcare spending in wealthy nations. | | 生活型態疾病 | lifestyle disease | Most lifestyle diseases are preventable but rarely prevented at policy level. | | 健康促進 | health promotion | Effective health promotion combines regulation, taxation, and education. |

4. 醫療系統（Healthcare System）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 全民健保 | universal healthcare | Universal healthcare costs less per capita than the US private model. | | 私人醫療 | private healthcare | Private healthcare expands fastest where public systems are most underfunded. | | 醫療人員 | healthcare workers | Healthcare workers continue to leave the profession at historically high rates. | | 醫院量能 | hospital capacity | Hospital capacity has not kept pace with the demands of an ageing population. | | 候診時間 | waiting times | Lengthening waiting times push those who can afford to into private alternatives. |

5. 健康不平等與議題（Inequality & Issues）

| 中文 | 英文 | Band 7+ 例句 | |----------------|-------------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 醫療不平等 | healthcare disparities | Healthcare disparities track income more closely than any clinical risk factor. | | 高齡化 | ageing population | An ageing population reshapes every component of the welfare state. | | 醫療負擔 | healthcare burden | The healthcare burden of obesity now exceeds that of tobacco in several countries. | | 健保支出 | health expenditure | Health expenditure has grown faster than GDP for four consecutive decades. | | 久坐生活 | sedentary lifestyle | A sedentary lifestyle now competes with smoking as the leading preventable risk. |

高頻搭配詞束

| 中文 | Collocation | 示範 | |------------------|-----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 改善公共衛生 | improve public health | Smoking bans improved public health more dramatically than most clinicians predicted. | | 預防慢性病 | prevent chronic disease | Preventing chronic disease earlier in life is cheaper than treating it later. | | 接受治療 | receive treatment | Patients who receive treatment promptly recover at significantly higher rates. | | 提升健康識能 | raise health literacy | Schools that raise health literacy reduce smoking initiation by a third. | | 取得醫療 | access healthcare | Rural residents struggle to access healthcare even where coverage is universal. | | 推廣健康生活 | promote a healthy lifestyle | Cities that promote a healthy lifestyle through urban design see lower obesity rates. |

避免這些被用到爛的字

| 過度使用 ❌ | Band 7+ 替換 ✓ | |------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | be healthy | maintain good health / lead a healthy lifestyle / preserve well-being | | get sick | fall ill / contract a disease / develop a condition | | bad for health | detrimental to health / pose a health risk / undermine well-being | | doctor | medical professional / clinician / healthcare practitioner / GP |

提醒：Task 2 一篇出現 be healthy 5 次直接降 Band。換成 maintain good health, lead a healthy lifestyle, preserve well-being 輪用。

150 字示範段

題目脈絡：Some argue governments should focus more on preventive care than on curing diseases.

A health system organised primarily around preventive care rather than belated treatment is, on the available evidence, both more humane and more affordable. The bulk of the healthcare burden in wealthy economies now derives from chronic disease — diabetes, cardiovascular illness, mental ill-health — most of it linked to a sedentary lifestyle, poor nutrition, or untreated anxiety and depression. Investment in screening, immunisation, and health promotion consistently delivers better outcomes per pound spent than equivalent investment in acute beds. Countries with strong public health systems navigated the recent pandemic with markedly lower mortality, in part because their populations enjoyed higher baseline health literacy. Critics worry that prevention diverts resources from those already ill, yet preventing chronic disease today directly reduces hospital capacity pressures tomorrow. The case for shifting funds upstream is, by now, overwhelming.

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