健康（Health / Healthcare）題佔 Task 2 約 10%。這個主題最容易寫得像小學作文——「運動很好、蔬菜很重要」——結果 Task Response 卡在 6.0。Band 7 要的是結構性論點：不是「誰該注意健康」，是「責任如何分配、資源如何配置」。
五種子題
| 子題 | 典型提問 | |---------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------| | 公醫 vs 私醫 | Should healthcare be free at the point of use? | | 預防 vs 治療 | Is it better to invest in prevention or treatment? | | 肥胖 / 生活習慣 | Who is responsible for the rise in obesity — individuals or industry? | | 老化社會 | How should governments respond to ageing populations? | | 心理健康 | Should mental health receive the same attention as physical health? |
四個萬用論點
萬用論點 1：Individual vs systemic responsibility 個人 vs 系統責任
適用：肥胖、成癮、生活習慣、心理健康。
核心邏輯：別陷入「吃太多是個人選擇」的單薄論點。Band 7 會指出系統因素（食品產業、城市設計、社經不平等）。
Attributing rising obesity purely to personal choice overlooks the environment in which those choices are made. When ultra-processed food is cheaper than fresh produce, when neighbourhoods lack safe pavements, and when advertising relentlessly targets children, the problem is clearly structural as well as individual.
萬用論點 2：Prevention economics 預防經濟學
適用：公醫、預防、生活習慣、老化。
Every major public-health study of the past two decades has reached the same conclusion: investment in prevention yields far greater returns than treatment. A 2021 OECD report estimated that each dollar spent on smoking-cessation programmes saved approximately seven dollars in later healthcare costs — a ratio no treatment-side intervention can match.
萬用論點 3：Access and equity 可及性與公平
適用：公醫制度、鄉村醫療、藥價。
Health outcomes in any society correlate closely with access to care, and access in turn correlates with income. A system that relies heavily on private insurance almost inevitably produces two tiers of medicine — one for those who can afford timely treatment, and another for those who wait until conditions become emergencies.
萬用論點 4：Long-term demographic pressure 長期人口壓力
適用：老化、公醫永續、退休、照護。
Healthcare debates cannot be separated from demographic reality. In nations such as Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, where over 20% of the population is projected to be aged 65 or older by 2030, the arithmetic of a shrinking working-age population funding an expanding elderly one forces difficult choices that cannot be postponed indefinitely.
台灣考生的陷阱
台灣有全民健保，考生寫公醫題常下意識假設全世界都一樣——結果論點不成立（在美國、印度差很多）。另一個常見毛病是把「健康」跟「運動」劃上等號，忽略心理健康、公共衛生、醫療資源。寫健康題時先問自己：這題是在談個人行為還是制度政策？這決定你要用萬用論點 1 還是 2-4。
主題詞彙
| 中文 | 英文 | |---------------|----------------------------------------------------| | 公衛 | public health | | 基層醫療 | primary care | | 預防醫學 | preventive medicine | | 慢性病 | chronic conditions / non-communicable diseases | | 失能 | disability | | 預期壽命 | life expectancy | | 醫療可及性 | access to healthcare | | 共付額 | co-payment | | 健保體系 | healthcare system | | 超加工食品 | ultra-processed food | | 久坐生活 | sedentary lifestyle | | 心理健康 | mental wellbeing | | 醫療支出占 GDP | healthcare spending as a share of GDP | | 人口高齡化 | population ageing |
範例段落（預防 vs 治療）
A further point worth noting is the economic asymmetry between prevention and treatment. Treating late-stage type-2 diabetes, for instance, costs health systems roughly twelve times more per patient than the lifestyle interventions that might have prevented the condition a decade earlier. When governments allocate the overwhelming share of their health budgets to hospitals rather than community clinics and public-education campaigns, they are — counterintuitively — ensuring that costs continue to rise.
為什麼 Band 7：數字具體（twelve times, a decade earlier）、對比明確（prevention vs treatment）、一個抽象詞 counterintuitively 提升 lexical resource。
快速練習
題目：Some people argue that the government should be responsible for citizens' health, while others say individuals should look after themselves. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
試寫 §1（intro）+ §2（第一方的論點）。挑戰：§2 至少用上一次 admittedly、一次 nevertheless、一個具體數字。