你知道 IELTS 考生最常扣分的不是 idiom 而是什麼嗎？搭配詞錯誤——用錯基礎動詞。
Make homework ❌ / Do homework ✓ Do a decision ❌ / Make a decision ✓ Take a chat ❌ / Have a chat ✓
一句話裡錯一個搭配詞，評分員立刻察覺「這是非母語者」——Lexical Resource 會從 7 扣回 6。這篇把最常考的四個動詞的搭配詞整理清楚。
大原則
| 動詞 | 核心語感 | |---------|--------------------------| | HAVE | 「擁有 / 經歷」某個狀態或事件 | | MAKE | 「創造、產出」出某個結果 | | DO | 「執行」某個動作（常是常規任務或抽象概念） | | TAKE | 「接受、取用」某個機會、動作、時間 |
HAVE 搭配詞
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | 自然例句 | |-----------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | have a chat / talk | 聊天 | Let's have a quick chat after class. | | have a look | 看一下 | Could you have a look at my essay? | | have a rest / break | 休息一下 | I need to have a rest before the next session. | | have a meal / lunch | 吃飯 / 吃午餐 | We had lunch at a lovely café in Tainan. | | have a shower / bath| 洗澡 | I always have a shower before bed. | | have a dream | 做夢 | I had a strange dream last night. | | have fun | 玩得開心 | The kids had so much fun at the party. | | have a go | 試試看 | I've never skied, but I'd love to have a go. | | have an argument | 吵架 | We had a huge argument over something silly. | | have trouble / difficulty | 遇到困難 | I'm having trouble with my maths homework. |
MAKE 搭配詞
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | 自然例句 | |-----------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | make a decision | 做決定 | I had to make a big decision about university. | | make a choice | 做選擇 | Sometimes it's hard to make a choice quickly. | | make a mistake | 犯錯 | Everyone makes mistakes — that's how we learn. | | make progress | 進步 | I've made real progress in my speaking. | | make an effort | 努力 | You need to make more of an effort. | | make a plan | 訂計畫 | We made a plan for our summer trip. | | make friends | 交朋友 | It's hard to make friends as an adult. | | make a mess | 弄亂 | My little brother makes a mess of every room. | | make noise | 發出噪音 | Please don't make so much noise after 10pm. | | make sense | 合理、說得通 | Your explanation really makes sense. |
DO 搭配詞
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | 自然例句 | |-----------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | do homework | 做功課 | I do my homework right after dinner. | | do the washing-up | 洗碗 | My brother and I take turns doing the washing-up.| | do the laundry | 洗衣服 | I do the laundry twice a week. | | do exercise | 運動 | I try to do some exercise every morning. | | do research | 做研究 | I'm doing research on climate policy. | | do a course | 修課程 | I did a short course on web design last summer. | | do your best | 盡力 | Just do your best and don't worry about results. | | do business | 做生意 | My uncle does business with Vietnamese suppliers.| | do harm / damage | 造成傷害 | Stress can do serious harm to your health. | | do someone a favour | 幫某人忙 | Could you do me a favour and watch my bag? |
TAKE 搭配詞
| 搭配詞 | 中文 | 自然例句 | |-----------------------|----------------------|----------------------------------------------------| | take a break | 休息一下 | Let's take a break — I need some air. | | take a risk | 冒險 | You have to take risks to succeed. | | take a chance | 試試運氣 | I took a chance and applied to Oxford. | | take a photo | 拍照 | Can you take a photo of us? | | take notes | 做筆記 | I always take notes during lectures. | | take an exam / test | 考試 | I'm taking the IELTS exam next month. | | take responsibility | 負起責任 | Leaders should take responsibility for mistakes. | | take time | 花時間 | Learning a language takes time and patience. | | take part in | 參加 | I took part in a debate competition. | | take advantage of | 好好利用 | Take advantage of every learning opportunity. |
考場 Q&A 示範
Q&A 1：What do you usually do at the weekend?
On Saturdays I usually have a lie-in, then do some laundry and tidy my room. In the afternoon I might have a chat with my grandmother on the phone, and in the evening I take part in a small book club at a local café. Sundays are quieter — I try to do some exercise in the morning, make a plan for the coming week, and take a proper break from studying.
用了：have a lie-in / do laundry / have a chat / take part in / do exercise / make a plan / take a break——7 個搭配詞，全部正確。
Q&A 2：How do you study for important exams?
The first thing I do is make a realistic plan — I've made the mistake before of cramming everything into the last week. I take detailed notes during classes, and I try to do a bit of revision every day rather than saving it all up. If I'm struggling, I have a chat with friends who are strong in that subject, or take a course online. I think making steady progress matters more than trying to do too much at once.
用了：make a plan / make the mistake / take notes / do revision / have a chat / take a course / make progress / do too much——8 個。
Q&A 3：Do young people take enough risks?
Honestly, I think many young people don't take enough risks — we're under pressure to make safe decisions about careers and studies. My parents always tell me to do my best at school, which is fine, but they also want me to play it safe. Sometimes taking a chance on something unusual — a gap year, a creative career — is how people really make progress in life.
用了：take risks / make decisions / do my best / take a chance / make progress——5 個。
最常見的 10 個台灣考生錯誤
| 錯誤 (Band 6) | 正確 (Band 7) | |----------------------------|--------------------------| | do a decision | make a decision | | make homework | do homework | | take a shower (美) / have a shower (英) | 英式考試建議 have a shower | | do a mistake | make a mistake | | do a party | have a party / throw a party | | make exercise | do exercise | | do friends | make friends | | make a course | do / take a course | | have a picture | take a picture | | make research | do research |
記憶技巧
- HAVE = experience → 吃飯、洗澡、聊天、吵架
- MAKE = create → 決定、選擇、錯誤、進步（都是「產出結果」）
- DO = perform → 日常任務（家事、作業、運動）
- TAKE = seize / grab → 機會、時間、動作（拍、記）
練習任務
填入 HAVE / MAKE / DO / TAKE：
- I need to _____ a decision about university.
- Don't _____ noise — the baby is asleep.
- I always _____ notes in lectures.
- Let's _____ a break for ten minutes.
- She _____ her homework every evening.
- We _____ lunch at a lovely café.
- I try to _____ exercise three times a week.
- You have to _____ risks to succeed.
答案：1. make 2. make 3. take 4. take 5. does 6. had 7. do 8. take
搭配閱讀
下一篇：慣用語最常見錯誤