中文「資訊、建議、設備」都可以說「很多 + 名詞」——沒有單複數。但英文把名詞強制分兩類：可數（countable）跟不可數（uncountable）。搞錯 = Grammar 分數卡 6.0。

為什麼是 Taiwanese 特有錯誤

中文靠「量詞」計數：

  • 一條資訊、一則建議、一套設備

英文不可數名詞也要靠量詞——但量詞是 a piece of / a bit of / an item of，不是加 s。

最常被誤加 s 的 15 個不可數名詞

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | 要量化時 | |---------|-----------|---------| | informations | information | a piece of information | | advices | advice | a piece of advice | | equipments | equipment | an item of equipment | | furnitures | furniture | a piece of furniture | | homeworks | homework | an assignment | | researches | research | a research project / study | | knowledges | knowledge | an area of knowledge | | progresses | progress | a step forward / some progress | | traffics | traffic | heavy traffic | | feedbacks | feedback | some feedback | | staffs | staff (集合名詞) | a staff member | | polices | police | a police officer | | luggages | luggage | a piece of luggage | | vocabularies | vocabulary | a word / an expression | | accommodations | accommodation (英式) | a place to stay |

完整不可數名詞分類

抽象概念

advice, information, knowledge, progress, research, evidence, education, happiness, health, wealth, violence, pollution, music, art

物質 / 材料

water, coffee, bread, rice, sugar, butter, cheese, meat, gold, plastic, paper, wood

集合類

furniture, equipment, luggage, money, clothing, mail, traffic, weather, news, rubbish

學科 / 活動

mathematics, physics, economics, politics, linguistics（看起來像複數，都不可數、接單數動詞）

怎麼判斷一個名詞可數與否

三秒測試

可以問 "How many ___?" 嗎？

  • How many chairs? ✓ → countable
  • How many furnitures? ✗ → uncountable，要問 How much furniture?

量詞測試

如果想說「很多」：

  • A lot of + 可數複數 / 不可數單數 ✓
  • Many + 可數複數 ✓
  • Much + 不可數單數 ✓
  • Much + 可數複數 ✗

5 個 ❌ vs ✅ 高頻例句

| ❌ Wrong | ✅ Correct | |---------|-----------| | I need more informations about this course. | I need more information about this course. | | The teacher gave us many homeworks. | The teacher gave us a lot of homework. | | She has many experiences in marketing. | She has a lot of experience in marketing. | | The equipments were new. | The equipment was new. | | Can you give me some advices? | Can you give me some advice? |

Quick Drill — 挑出錯誤

  1. I have three advices for you.
  2. The research shows that sleep is important.
  3. We have a lot of equipments in the lab.
  4. He collected many informations.
  5. There is too much traffic today.
  6. I need a new luggage for my trip.
  7. Her knowledge of history is impressive.
  8. They gave us useful feedbacks.
  9. The news is shocking.
  10. I bought some new furnitures.

Answer Key

| # | 判斷 | 修正 | |---|------|------| | 1 | ❌ | three pieces of advice | | 2 | ✅ | research 不可數 + 單數動詞 | | 3 | ❌ | a lot of equipment | | 4 | ❌ | a lot of information | | 5 | ✅ | traffic 不可數，too much 正確 | | 6 | ❌ | a new piece of luggage / a new suitcase | | 7 | ✅ | knowledge 不可數 | | 8 | ❌ | useful feedback | | 9 | ✅ | news 不可數、接單數動詞 | | 10 | ❌ | some new furniture |

Experience 特別注意

experience 有兩種身份：

  • 不可數（經驗、經歷感覺）：She has a lot of experience. ✓
  • 可數（一次具體的體驗）：Visiting Japan was an amazing experience. ✓ I had three unforgettable experiences. ✓

同理：time, work, paper 等字也有雙重身份。遇到時查字典確認。

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