Sentence Completion 和 Short Answer 是 Part 4 的核心題型——也是整份 Listening 裡最考英文底子的題。它不只要你聽到答案——還要求你用正確的文法形式寫出來。寫了對的字但形式錯（play vs playing）——0 分。
題型特徵
Sentence Completion
- 題目給不完整的句子，你填空
- 典型：The study concluded that urban foxes are more __________ than their rural counterparts.
- 字數限制：NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS / ONE WORD ONLY / TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
- 答案來自錄音原文，但文法形式要符合題目句
Short Answer
- 題目是問句，你給簡短答案
- 典型：What did researchers find surprising?
- 字數限制同上
- 答案同樣來自錄音——通常直接抄寫
兩者都主要出現在 Part 4（學術演講），偶爾 Part 2。
字數限制：1 個字都不能多
這是最嚴格的扣分規則。超過 = 0 分，即使意思全對。
| 題目說明 | 寫法示例 | 判定 | |--------------------------------------|------------------|------| | NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS | solar panels | ✓ 滿分 | | NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS | solar power panels | ✗ 0 分 | | NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS | the climate crisis | ✓（含 the）| | ONE WORD ONLY | efficient | ✓ | | ONE WORD ONLY | very efficient | ✗ 0 分 | | NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND A NUMBER | 15 minutes | ✓（15 不算字）|
規則：
- 連字符字 (hyphenated word) 算 1 個字：well-known = 1 字
- 數字（阿拉伯數字）不算字：15 不算，fifteen 算 1 字
- 冠詞（a / an / the）算字——如果題目句型不需要冠詞就別寫
文法陷阱：對的字、錯的形式 = 0 分
這是 sentence completion 扣最兇的地方。答案必須讓整句文法通順。
時態陷阱
題目：The experiment __________ conducted over three years.
錄音："We decided to conduct this experiment across a three-year period."
錯誤答案：conduct（0 分，文法不通） 正確答案：was（被動語態需要 was conducted）
單複數陷阱
題目：The research identified three main __________ of coral bleaching.
錄音："...the primary cause we identified was rising sea temperatures, alongside two other factors: pollution and overfishing."
錯誤答案：cause（文法不合，前面是 three main） 正確答案：causes（複數）
原則：寫答案前，大聲把整句唸一遍——如果聽起來怪，文法可能錯。
動名詞 vs 動詞
題目：Children benefit from __________ outdoors regularly.
錄音："Kids who play outdoors every day develop stronger immune systems."
錯誤答案：play（from play 文法奇怪） 正確答案：playing（from playing ✓）
Paraphrase 偵測
題目句幾乎不會用錄音的原字——會改寫。你要聽「意思對應」的字。
Question sentence: The new policy aims to __________ youth unemployment.
Recording: "The main objective of this scheme is to bring down the number of young people out of work."
Paraphrase chain:
- aims to ≈ main objective is to
- reduce = bring down
Answer: reduce (the word that fills the meaning gap, even though it wasn't spoken exactly).
但注意——答案字本身必須是錄音中有講的字。這裡 bring down 的意思是 reduce，但考題如果有 NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS，你應寫 bring down（照錄音），不是 reduce（你腦中的同義詞）。
規則：paraphrase 發生在題目句和錄音之間，不是答案本身。答案永遠照錄音抄。
範例 1：Part 4 環境科學講座
**題目（Sentence Completion，NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS）**：
- The speaker argues that coral reefs are the ocean's most __________ ecosystem.
- Rising sea temperatures have caused widespread __________.
- The researcher's team focused on reefs near the __________ coast.
- Recovery is possible if bleaching lasts less than __________ weeks.
"Good afternoon. Today I want to talk about coral reefs — undoubtedly the most fragile ecosystem in our oceans, despite often being described as vibrant or colourful. Over the past decade, warming waters have led to extensive bleaching, particularly in the tropical belt. Our team focused our study on reefs off the Australian coast, specifically the Great Barrier Reef. What we found is encouraging: reefs can recover, provided that bleaching events last under six weeks. Beyond that, mortality rates climb sharply."
答案解析
| # | Answer | Audio phrase | Note | |---|-------------|---------------------------------------|------------------------------------| | 1 | fragile | most fragile ecosystem | paraphrase: "sensitive / delicate" trap | | 2 | bleaching | warming waters have led to extensive bleaching | | | 3 | Australian | reefs off the Australian coast | adjective form, not "Australia" | | 4 | six | bleaching events last under six weeks | number as word |
陷阱點：第 3 題——寫 Australia 文法不通（題目要 the Australian coast）。第 4 題——寫 6 weeks 超過 2 字？否——6 是數字，不算字，寫 6 或 six 都可。
範例 2：Part 4 教育研究（Short Answer）
**題目（NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS）**：
- What skill did the researchers focus on?
- How often did children attend the programme?
- What surprised the researchers most?
"In our 2024 study, we looked specifically at reading comprehension in primary-aged children. The programme ran for six months, with participants attending sessions twice a week. Perhaps the most unexpected finding was the dramatic improvement in confidence — not just in reading scores, but in children's willingness to speak up in class."
答案解析
| # | Answer | Audio phrase | Note | |---|--------------------------|-----------------------------------------|---------------------------| | 1 | reading comprehension | reading comprehension in primary-aged | 2 字 ✓ | | 2 | twice a week | attending sessions twice a week | 3 字 ✓ | | 3 | (improvement in) confidence / dramatic improvement | dramatic improvement in confidence | 選最精準的；confidence 也可 |
第 3 題靈活——dramatic improvement 或 improvement in confidence 或 confidence 都可能被接受，但超過 3 字（如 dramatic improvement in confidence 4 字）= 0 分。
三個常見失誤
- 寫了正確意思但錯形式——上面動詞時態、單複數陷阱。對策：填完後把整句唸一遍。
- 超過字數——多寫一個冠詞就 0 分。數字寫阿拉伯數字以省字。
- 寫非原文的同義詞——聽到 purchase 不可以寫 buy。答案永遠照原文。