地圖題失分兩大點——時態混亂（過去式 vs 被動）+ 方位不精確。本篇用英國小鎮中心 1990→2020 示範五個變化動詞怎麼配時態，以及 to the north of / adjacent to / opposite 方位詞的精確用法。
題目與描述
The two maps below show changes to the centre of Harbury, a small town in southern England, between 1990 and 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
1990 地圖元素（由北至南）：
- 北側：一座 factory（工廠）
- 中央：十字路口（River Road 東西向 × Market Street 南北向）
- 東南角：small car park（小型停車場）
- 西南角：school（學校）
- 東北角：farmland（農地）
2020 地圖元素：
- 原 factory → 拆除，改為 apartment blocks（公寓群）
- 原 car park → 擴大並加蓋成 multi-storey car park（多層停車場）
- 原 school → 保留，新增東側 sports hall（體育館）
- 原 farmland → 改為 shopping centre（購物中心）
- 十字路口北側新增 pedestrian plaza（行人廣場）
完整範文（168 字）
¹ The two maps illustrate the transformation of Harbury town centre, a small town in southern England, over the thirty-year period from 1990 to 2020.
² Overall, the town shifted from an industrial and agricultural character to one dominated by residential and commercial functions, with the school being the only major feature to remain on its original site.
³ The most striking change occurred to the north of the central crossroads, where the factory that stood there in 1990 was demolished and replaced by several apartment blocks. ⁴ Immediately to the east, the farmland that once covered the north-eastern quarter of the map was redeveloped as a large shopping centre, significantly expanding the town's retail capacity.
⁵ The small car park in the south-east was retained but considerably enlarged, being rebuilt as a multi-storey facility to serve the new shops. ⁶ The school opposite kept its original building, though a sports hall was constructed on its eastern flank. ⁷ A pedestrian plaza was also added just north of the crossroads, giving the centre a more welcoming feel.
句句 Band Descriptor 解析
- 句 1 — Task Achievement: transformation 比 changes 學術。
- 句 2 — Task Achievement (Overview): 定性 shift（industrial/agricultural → residential/commercial）+ 唯一不變（school）—— 地圖題 overview 的黃金結構。
- 句 3 — Grammar Range: the factory that stood there in 1990 was demolished and replaced — relative clause + 連續被動動詞。
- 句 4 — Lexical: was redeveloped as / significantly expanding the town's retail capacity — 被動 + 分詞片語 + 結果描述。
- 句 5 — Grammar Range: was retained but considerably enlarged, being rebuilt as... — 三個動詞分詞串接，處理「保留 + 改造 + 變成」三層動作。
- 句 6 — Coherence: opposite 方位詞一字到位，on its eastern flank 精準描述「側邊」。
- 句 7 — Lexical: giving the centre a more welcoming feel — 分詞片語加入質性評價。
10 組地圖必備動詞＋方位詞
| Phrase | 中文 | |--------|------| | be demolished and replaced by | 被拆除並改建為 | | be redeveloped as | 被改造為 | | be retained / remained on its original site | 被保留／原址不動 | | be considerably enlarged | 大幅擴建 | | be rebuilt as | 重建為 | | be constructed on its eastern flank | 於東側新建 | | to the north of the crossroads | 十字路口以北 | | immediately to the east | 緊鄰東側 | | opposite / adjacent to | 對面／相鄰 | | on its original site | 在原址 |
本篇避開的常見錯誤
錯誤 1：用主動態寫變化。 They demolished the factory and built apartments. — 不知道 they 是誰，地圖題主詞永遠是「建築物」，所以一律被動態：the factory was demolished and replaced。
錯誤 2：方位說成 "in the north/south". 應該是 to the north of [landmark]（以…為參考點）。地圖題方位必須相對一個地標。
本範文的動詞時態統一表：
- 消失：was demolished
- 取代：was replaced by / was redeveloped as / was converted into
- 保留：was retained / remained
- 擴建：was enlarged / was extended / was rebuilt
- 新建：was constructed / was added