全球化類考題常常問得太抽象，考生寫不下去。本篇示範：聚焦具體的食品工業切入，Band 7+ 範文用具體例子把抽象議題寫活。
題目
Food today is produced and distributed on a genuinely global scale, with supermarkets in most countries stocking fresh and processed products from across the world.
Do the advantages of a globalised food industry outweigh the disadvantages?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Write at least 250 words.
題型：Advantages/Disadvantages。我的立場：advantages outweigh, but only marginally and conditionally。
完整範文（292 字）
¹ Within a single generation, what appears on ordinary dinner tables has shifted from overwhelmingly local produce to a cosmopolitan mix sourced across continents. ² On balance, I believe the advantages of this globalised food system outweigh the disadvantages, although the margin is narrower than enthusiasts typically claim and depends heavily on how supply chains are regulated.
³ The clearest benefit is year-round availability at affordable prices. ⁴ Consumers in temperate countries can now eat fresh fruit in January and rice varieties once restricted to specific regions, while producers in the Global South gain access to lucrative export markets. ⁵ A 2023 FAO report estimated that international food trade has reduced average grocery costs in wealthy economies by roughly 18% over the past two decades, while lifting millions of smallholder farmers out of subsistence. ⁶ For nutritionally vulnerable populations, this downward pressure on prices is far from trivial.
⁷ The disadvantages, however, are substantial and increasingly well documented. ⁸ Long supply chains concentrate risk: a drought in one exporting country or a shipping disruption can suddenly threaten food security on the opposite side of the planet, as the 2022 wheat crisis sharply demonstrated. ⁹ There are also environmental costs — the carbon footprint of refrigerated long-haul transport — and social ones, as small local producers struggle to compete with subsidised imports. ¹⁰ Admittedly, these harms are not inherent to globalisation but reflect weak regulation; stricter emissions standards and diversified sourcing could neutralise much of the damage.
¹¹ In conclusion, the globalised food industry provides genuine benefits in price, variety and rural incomes that I do not believe a purely local system could match. ¹² Provided its environmental and resilience weaknesses are actively managed, the advantages remain the stronger side of the ledger.
句句解析
§1 — Intro
- 句 1 (Hook): "Within a single generation, what appears on ordinary dinner tables has shifted..." — 時間對比 + what-clause 當主詞（cleft）。
- 句 2 (Thesis): "...advantages... outweigh the disadvantages, although the margin is narrower..." — 直接回答 + qualification。
§2 — Advantages
- 句 3 (Topic sentence): "The clearest benefit is year-round availability at affordable prices." — 一句濃縮主點。
- 句 4 (Develop with two sides): "Consumers in temperate countries... while producers in the Global South..." — 雙向受益。
- 句 5 (Evidence with two numbers): "A 2023 FAO report estimated... 18%... millions of smallholder farmers..." — 兩個具體數字 + 機構。
- 句 6 (Emphasis): "For nutritionally vulnerable populations, this downward pressure... is far from trivial." — 精準化受益群 + litotes (far from trivial)。
§3 — Disadvantages + Concession
- 句 7 (Pivot): "The disadvantages, however, are substantial and increasingly well documented." — 明確轉折 + well documented 說權威。
- 句 8 (Example): "...as the 2022 wheat crisis sharply demonstrated." — 真實事件範例。
- 句 9 (Two more dimensions): "There are also environmental costs... and social ones..." — 加層次。
- 句 10 (Concession to own side): "Admittedly, these harms are not inherent to globalisation but reflect weak regulation..." — 不是否認壞處，是說壞處可解——對 thesis 有利。✓ Task Response
§4 — Conclusion
- 句 11 (Restate): "...I do not believe a purely local system could match." — 用反事實 (could match) 支持立場。
- 句 12 (Conditional close): "Provided its... weaknesses are actively managed, the advantages remain the stronger side of the ledger." — 條件從句 + 回到 thesis。
四大評分項證據表
| 評分項 | 本篇證據 | Band | |--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------| | Task Response | 明確回答 outweigh 與否；兩邊發展；concession 處理得當（dis 不是全盤否認）；結論有條件但不逃避 | 7 | | Coherence & Cohesion | 段落功能分明；linker 多樣（however, Admittedly, Provided that）；cleft 結構；referent 穩定 | 7 | | Lexical Resource | Topic-specific（supply chains, subsistence, smallholder farmers, long-haul transport, subsidised imports）；litotes（far from trivial） | 7 | | Grammar Range | Cleft（what appears on dinner tables has shifted）；passive（are actively managed）；relative clause（that I do not believe a local system could match）；conditional（could neutralise） | 7 |
三個可複製的 Adv/Dis 動作
1. Concession 當轉盤
句 10 的 "these harms... reflect weak regulation" 是高明動作：把壞處歸因於可修的因素，立場立刻穩固。可改造為 "these costs stem from poor implementation rather than the idea itself"。
2. 用 "what-cleft" 開頭
"What appears on ordinary dinner tables has shifted..." 是 Band 7+ 句型。用 what-clause 當主詞 = 立刻有高階感。
3. Provided / Given that 開結論
"Provided its weaknesses are actively managed..." — 條件從句收結論比 "If governments manage well..." 高階且簡潔。