單字重音決定你念「哪個音節」重;句子重音決定你念「哪個字」重。兩者都搞對,才是 Band 7+ 的節奏感。
很多考生可以把每個字念對——但整句聽起來還是像背稿。為什麼?因為每個字都念一樣大聲。Band 7 以上的口說有一個隱形特徵:重要的字念重,不重要的字幾乎被吃掉。
Content words vs Function words
英文的字分成兩類:
Content words(實詞——要重)
- 名詞 nouns:book, idea, economy
- 動詞 verbs:study, develop, decide(除了 be / have / do / will 等助動詞)
- 形容詞 adjectives:good, important, difficult
- 副詞 adverbs:quickly, really, often
- 疑問詞 wh-words:what, where, why, how
- 否定詞 negatives:not, never, don't
- 指示詞 demonstratives(當形容詞):this, that
Function words(虛詞——要輕)
- 冠詞 articles:a, an, the
- 代詞 pronouns:I, he, she, it, they
- 助動詞 auxiliaries:am, is, are, was, were, have, has, do, does, can, will
- 介系詞 prepositions:in, on, at, of, for, to, from, with
- 連接詞 conjunctions:and, or, but, so, because
- 從屬詞 relative pronouns:who, which, that(當關代用)
示範句
以下是 10 個 IELTS Speaking 常見句。大寫表示重音,小寫表示輕讀。
- I WENT to the SHOP to BUY some MILK. (content: went, shop, buy, milk)
- She's been STUDYing ENGlish for FIVE YEARS. (content: studying, English, five, years)
- The BIGgest PROBlem is the COST of HOUSing. (content: biggest, problem, cost, housing)
- I DON'T really EN-JOY HORror MOvies. (content: don't, enjoy, horror, movies)
- We SHOULD INvest more in PUBlic TRANSport. (content: should, invest, public, transport)
- It DEpends on what you MEAN by "SUCCessful". (content: depends, mean, successful)
- My FAvourite SEAson is DEFinitely AUtumn. (content: favourite, season, definitely, autumn)
- On the WHOLE I'd SAY it's a POSitive DEveLOPment. (content: whole, say, positive, development)
- I've NEver really THOUGHT about it THAT way. (content: never, thought, that way)
- From what I've SEEN, young PEOple PREfer FLEXibility. (content: seen, young, people, prefer, flexibility)
練習方法:把上面每一句念三次——第一次把 content words 念特別重,第二次把 function words 念特別輕,第三次正常流暢地連起來。
強調對比(Contrastive stress)
除了預設規則,你可以故意移動重音來表達情緒或對比。這是 Band 8 的招。
- Default: I LIKE COFFEE. (I like coffee)
- Contrast 1: I LIKE coffee. (emphasising that you DO like it, contradicting someone)
- Contrast 2: I like COFFEE. (not tea)
- Contrast 3: I like coffee. (others may not, but I do)
IELTS Speaking 有個高分動作是這樣:
Well, I don't HATE it — I just don't LOVE it either.
把 hate 跟 love 都念重 = 明顯的對比 = 考官聽得出你在表達 nuance = Pronunciation 分數往上走。
台灣考生最常見的 2 個毛病
毛病 1:每個字都念一樣重(Robot voice)
I. Went. To. The. Shop. To. Buy. Some. Milk.
每個字都平等對待——聽起來像 Siri 的 2008 年版本。Band 5.5 的典型特徵。
修正:找一篇自己的 Part 2 答題稿,用紅筆圈 content words,錄音時刻意把紅筆字念重 + 拉長 0.1 秒。錄 10 遍就會有感。
毛病 2:Function words 念太清楚
母語者會把 to 念成 /tə/(不是 /tuː/)、for 念成 /fə/(不是 /fɔːr/)、and 念成 /ən/ 或甚至 /n/(不是 /ænd/)。這叫 weak forms。
- I need to go. → 念成 /aɪ niːd tə ɡəʊ/
- Fish and chips → 念成 /fɪʃ ən ˈtʃɪps/
- A cup of tea → 念成 /ə ˈkʌp əv ˈtiː/ (the "of" 幾乎變成 "əv" 或 "ə")
- He can do it. → 念成 /hi kən ˈduː ɪt/ (can 變成 /kən/)
修正:聽 BBC News 或 podcast(Economist, The Daily),刻意注意 to / for / and / of / a / the / can / are 怎麼被「吞掉」。聽得到才念得出。
本週練習菜單
- 每天錄自己一段 60 秒的 Part 1 或 Part 2 答題。
- 回放畫出 content words(用波形圖 app 或 Audacity 看音量振幅)。
- 比對母語者同類型答題(YouTube 搜 IELTS Speaking Band 9 sample),看他們的 content words 是不是明顯比 function words 大聲。
- 一週之內你會聽出自己的節奏進步。
延伸閱讀:單字重音 · 20 常錯字 · Speaking Part 1 · 20 高頻題 · Speaking Part 2 · POWER 框架