回收流程跟一般製程不同——它是循環式：成品最終回到原料端。Overview 沒寫出循環性 = Band 6 天花板。本篇用紙類回收七步驟示範「循環式 overview」+ 六種被動句型變化避免單調。
題目與流程描述
The diagram below shows how waste paper is recycled to produce new paper products. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
七步驟流程：
- 民眾將廢紙投入路邊回收桶 (Kerbside collection)
- 回收車載往分類廠 (Sorting facility)
- 紙類依類型分類（報紙／包裝／辦公紙）
- 送進大型水槽，與水及化學藥劑混合，攪打成 pulp（紙漿）
- 紙漿經 de-inking（脫墨）處理移除墨水
- 漂白並通過滾輪壓平、烘乾，形成新紙捲
- 成品送到印刷廠和零售商，返回消費者手中形成循環
完整範文（169 字）
¹ The diagram illustrates the seven-stage process by which used paper is collected, reprocessed and turned into new paper products.
² Overall, the process is cyclical rather than linear, with discarded paper steadily transformed back into the same raw material it was originally made from, allowing it to re-enter the consumer supply chain in a closed loop.
³ The cycle begins with kerbside collection, in which household waste paper is placed in dedicated bins and subsequently picked up by recycling vehicles. ⁴ It is then taken to a sorting facility, where it is separated by grade — typically newsprint, packaging and office paper — to ensure consistent quality further down the line.
⁵ Once sorted, the paper is fed into a large vat, mixed with water and chemicals, and pulped into a thick fibrous slurry. ⁶ This pulp is then de-inked to remove printing ink, bleached, and passed through rollers that press and dry it into fresh paper. ⁷ The finished rolls are finally shipped to printers and retailers, returning the material to consumers and completing the loop.
句句 Band Descriptor 解析
- 句 1 — Task Achievement: the seven-stage process by which... is collected, reprocessed and turned into — by which 結構 + 三連被動。
- 句 2 — Task Achievement (Overview): 關鍵句——cyclical rather than linear + closed loop + re-enter the supply chain。回收流程的 overview 必須點出循環性。
- 句 3 — Grammar Range: in which household waste paper is placed... and subsequently picked up by — in which 關係子句帶連續被動。
- 句 4 — Lexical: to ensure consistent quality further down the line — 加入 purpose clause 解釋分類目的，超越單純流程描述。
- 句 5 — Grammar Range: Once sorted, the paper is fed... mixed... and pulped — 過去分詞片語起句 + 三連被動動詞並列。
- 句 6 — Lexical: de-inked / bleached / passed through rollers — 三個工業流程動詞，每個都是 Band 7 詞彙。
- 句 7 — Coherence: returning the material to consumers and completing the loop — 分詞片語呼應 overview 的 closed loop，首尾呼應。
10 組高分詞彙
| Phrase | 中文 | |--------|------| | cyclical rather than linear | 循環而非線性 | | a closed loop | 封閉循環 | | re-enter the supply chain | 重新進入供應鏈 | | kerbside collection | 路邊回收 | | be separated by grade | 依等級分類 | | be pulped into a fibrous slurry | 被打成纖維漿 | | be de-inked / bleached | 脫墨／漂白 | | be passed through rollers | 通過滾輪 | | complete the loop | 完成循環 | | further down the line | 流程後段 |
本篇避開的常見錯誤
**錯誤 1：用 First, Second, Third, Then, Finally 五個都用。** 連接詞單一導致 Coherence 卡 6.0。
本範文的連接詞變化：The cycle begins with / It is then / Once sorted / This pulp is then / The finished rolls are finally — 五段五種句型，避免單調。
錯誤 2：流程題用主動態。 They collect the paper. They sort it. — 主詞 they 不明，且製程題的主角應該是「物料」不是「人」。
本範文 14 個動詞 12 個被動（is placed, is picked up, is taken, is separated, is fed, is mixed, is pulped, is de-inked, is bleached, is passed, is shipped, is completed），主動只用在 the cycle begins / rollers press——是分詞或自然主語，不是含糊的 they。
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